RAMADHAN, REZZA PELITA (2019) STRATEGI PENYAJIAN AKTOR SOSIAL PADA BERITA KLAIM PEMENANG PEMILIHAN UMUM PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA 2019 (Analisis Wacana Kritis Theo van Leeuwen Pada Berita Harian Kompas Edisi April-Mei 2019). S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The Presidential Election (Pilpres) and the Legislative Election (Pileg) of the Republic of Indonesia have been held simultaneously on 17 April 2019. The part that seizes public attention is the claim of the presidential election winners from two presidential candidates, Joko Widodo (Jokowi)-Ma'aruf Amin based on the results of a quick count of independent survey institutions and Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo-Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno’s claim based on the results of the internal version of BPN. Kompas Daily then reported each claim of the president and vice presidential candidate. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and describe the strategy of presenting social actors through the process of exclusion and inclusion. This study uses a construktivisme paradigm with a qualitative approach and critical discourse analysis as a method. Primary data sources are 5 issues of news, and secondary data sources come from literature sources in the form of books, online information sources, and relevant scientific journals and reports. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation studies and literature studies. The data analysis technique uses a critical discourse analysis model from Theo van Leeuwen which contains exclusion and inclusion. The results showed that: 1) The exclusion process of social actors by Kompas is carried out through strategies of passivation, nominalization, and substitution of clauses. Overall the exclusion process is aimed at quick count survey institutions, strongholds of Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin’s supporters, Bawaslu and KPU, Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin and Prabowo-Sandiaga. 2) The inclusion process is carried out through strategies of determination, abstraction, assimilation, association, and differentiation. The inclusion process was intended for Prabowo, BPN internal parties (BPN elite) and the internal BPN survey team, KPU and Bawaslu as well as Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin as the candidate who also claimed the victory of the 2019 presidential election due to support from many parties including independent survey institutions. Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, news, elections, construction of social reality, media political economy, Kompas Daily. Pemilihan Umum Presiden (Pilpres) dan Pemilihan Umum Legislatif (Pileg) Republik Indonesia telah diselenggarakan secara serentak pada 17 April 2019. Bagian yang menyita perhatian publik yakni adanya klaim pemenang pilpres dari dua pasang calon presiden (capres) dan calon wakil presiden (cawapres) yakni Joko Widodo (Jokowi)-Ma’aruf Amin berdasarkan hasil quick count lembaga survey independen maupun pasangan capres-cawapres Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo-Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno berdasarkan hasil real count versi internal Badan Pemenangan Nasional (BPN). Harian Kompas kemudian memberitakan masing-masing klaim pasangan capres-cawapres. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan mendeskripsikan strategi penyajian aktor sosial melalui proses eksklusi dan inklusi dalam berita klaim pemenang Pemilihan Umum Presiden (Pilpres) Republik Indonesia 2019 di Harian Kompas. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode analisis wacana kritis (critical discourse analysis). Sumber data primer yakni 5 buah berita, dan sumber data sekunder berasal dari sumber literatur berupa buku, sumber informasi online, serta jurnal dan laporan ilmiah yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi dan studi literatur. Tekni analisis data menggunakan model analisis wacana dar Theo van Leeuwen yang berisi mengenai eksklusi dan inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) Proses eksklusi aktor sosial yang dilakukan Harian Kompas pada berita klaim pemenang Pilpres Republik Indonesia 2019 dilakukan dengan menggunakan strategi pasivasi, nominalisasi dan penggantian anak kalimat. Secara keseluruhan proses eksklusi ditujukan pada lembaga-lembaga survey hitung cepat (quick count), kubu pendukung Jokowi-Ma’ruf Amin, Bawaslu (Badan Pengawas Pemilu) dan KPU (Komisi Pemilihan Umum) serta capres-cawapres Jokowi-Ma’ruf Amin dan Prabowo�Sandiaga. 2) Proses inklusi dilakukan melalui strategi determinasi, abstraksi, asimilasi, asosiasi, dan diferensiasi. Secara keseluruhan proses inklusi ditujukan bagi Prabowo, pihak-pihak internal BPN (elite BPN) dan tim survei internal BPN, KPU dan Bawaslu juga pada Jokowi-Ma’ruf Amin sebagai pihak yang juga menklaim kemenangan pilpres 2019 karena adanya dukungan dari banyak pihak termasuk lembaga survei independen. Kata Kunci: Analisis wacana kritis, berita, Pemilu, konstruksi realitas sosial, ekonomi politik media, Harian Kompas.
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