MUASHOMAH, ANIS (2026) REPRESENTASI BULLYING/PERUNDUNGAN DALAM DRAMA KOREA PYRAMID GAME (Teori Representasi Stuart Hall). S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Bullying in school environments is a complex social issue that continues to receive serious attention due to its psychological, social, and academic impacts on adolescents. This phenomenon occurs not only in everyday social reality but is also frequently represented through popular media, including Korean dramas. One drama that explicitly addresses the issue of bullying is Pyramid Game, which portrays bullying practices through a social hierarchy–based game system within a school setting. This study aims to analyze how bullying is represented in the drama Pyramid Game and to reveal the underlying ideology operating behind these representations. The research employs a qualitative approach using Stuart Hall’s theory of representation. The analysis focuses on language and dialogue, cinematic visuals, symbols, and narrative structures that construct specific systems of meaning within the dramatic text. Data were collected through close observation of scenes that represent bullying and were analyzed interpretively to understand the power relations depicted in the drama. The findings indicate that bullying is represented not merely as individual deviant behavior, but as a structured and systematic social mechanism legitimized by the rules of the game. The A–F ranking system, popularity voting, and visual symbols play a significant role in normalizing unequal power relations among students. Bullying is positioned as a logical consequence of social ranking, causing violence against lower-ranked students to be perceived as natural and justified. The dominant ideologies operating in the drama are social hierarchy ideology based on patron–client relations and social feudalism. These ideologies can be understood in relation to the cultural context of South Korea, which is historically and culturally influenced by values of Confucianism, hierarchy, seniority, and moral obedience. Therefore, Pyramid Game functions as a cultural text that reproduces and normalizes power relations through the representation of bullying in a modern school context. Keywords: representation, bullying, Pyramid Game, ideology, Korean culture Fenomena bullying di lingkungan sekolah merupakan persoalan sosial yang kompleks dan terus menjadi perhatian karena dampaknya terhadap kondisi psikologis, sosial, dan akademik remaja. Fenomena ini tidak hanya terjadi dalam realitas sosial, tetapi juga kerap direpresentasikan melalui media populer, termasuk drama Korea. Salah satu drama yang secara eksplisit mengangkat isu bullying adalah Pyramid Game, yang menampilkan praktik perundungan melalui sistem permainan berbasis hierarki sosial di lingkungan sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana bullying direpresentasikan dalam drama Pyramid Game serta mengungkap ideologi tersembunyi yang bekerja di balik representasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis representasi Stuart Hall. Analisis dilakukan terhadap bahasa dan dialog, visual sinematik, simbol, serta struktur naratif yang membentuk sistem makna tertentu dalam teks drama. Data diperoleh melalui pengamatan adegan-adegan yang merepresentasikan bullying dan dianalisis secara interpretatif untuk memahami relasi kuasa yang ditampilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bullying direpresentasikan bukan semata sebagai tindakan individual yang menyimpang, melainkan sebagai mekanisme sosial yang terstruktur, sistematis, dan dilegitimasi oleh aturan permainan. Sistem tingkat A–F, voting popularitas, serta simbol-simbol visual berperan penting dalam menormalisasi ketimpangan relasi kuasa antarsiswa. Bullying diposisikan sebagai konsekuensi logis dari posisi sosial dalam sistem hierarki, sehingga kekerasan terhadap pihak yang berada di tingkat bawah dipahami sebagai sesuatu yang wajar. Ideologi yang bekerja dalam drama ini adalah ideologi hierarki sosial berbasis relasi patron–klien dan feodalisme sosial. Ideologi tersebut dapat dibaca dalam kaitannya dengan konteks budaya Korea Selatan yang secara historis dan kultural dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai Konfusianisme, hierarki, senioritas, dan kepatuhan moral. Dengan demikian, Pyramid Game berfungsi sebagai teks budaya yang mereproduksi dan menormalisasi relasi kuasa melalui representasi bullying dalam konteks sekolah modern. Kata kunci: representasi, bullying, Pyramid Game, ideologi, budaya Kore
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