LEMADI, GAYUH (2021) PERBAIKAN BULLWHIP EFFECT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY PADA RANTAI PASOK PRODUK BISKUIT. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Supply chain management is an approach that has the aim of managing the supply chain so that the synchronization and coordination between upstream and downstream runs well. The lack of good information flow and coordination between upstream and downstream will have an impact on information distortion. The impact of this information distortion will result in an increase in demand variability, which is known as the bullwhip effect. Several sectors of the food industry are experiencing the problem of the bullwhip effect with varying degrees of variation, of course this will cause losses for the company. This study aims to identify the main causes of the bullwhip effect in the food industry supply chain with biscuit products and to design a vendor managed inventory (VMI) method to reduce the bullwhip effect that occurs. Analysis of the causes of the bullwhip effect is carried out by making a fishbone diagram, classifying potential causes of problems using FMEA and making a Pareto diagram to see the largest RPN value. The design of VMI begins by comparing the four forecasting methods to see the smallest MAPE value and obtaining the forecasting method with the smallest MAPE value, namely the holt double exponential smoothing method, then designing the flow of information and materials and performing VMI calculations to obtain ROP, order lot size, and delivery frequency as a reference for refilling products from manufacturers to distributors. The results of the analysis using fishbone diagrams and FMEA found that the main cause causing the bullwhip effect is the lack of coordination between echelons. The results of the VMI implementation show that the value of the bullwhip effect has decreased by 52% and for over stock and storage costs it has decreased by 82%. From the results obtained, it can be said that the method used has succeeded in reducing the value of the bullwhip effect as well as over stock and storage costs. Keywords: supply chain management, bullwhip effect, forecasting, vendor managed inventory. Supply chain management merupakan pendekatan yang mempunyai tujuan mengelola rantai pasok agar sinkronisasi dan koordinasi antara upstream dengan downstream berjalan dengan baik. Kurang baiknya aliran informasi dan koordinasi antara upstream dengan downstream akan berdampak pada distorsi informasi. Dampak dari distorsi informasi ini akan mengakibatkan peningkatan variabilitas permintaan yang biasa disebut dengan bullwhip effect. Beberapa sektor industri makanan mengalami masalah bullwhip effect dengan tingkat variasi yang beragam, tentu hal ini akan menimbulkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab utama bullwhip effect pada supply chain industri makanan dengan produk biskuit dan perancangan metode vendor managed inventory (VMI) untuk mengurangi bullwhip effect yang terjadi. Analisa penyebab bullwhip effect dilakukan dengan membuat diagram fishbone melakukan klasifikasi potensi penyebab masalah dengan mengunakan FMEA dan membuat diagram pareto untuk melihat nilai RPN terbesar. Perancangan VMI diawali dengan membandingkan empat metode peramalan untuk melihat nilai MAPE terkecil dan didapatkan metode peramalan dengan nilai MAPE terkecil yaitu metode holt double exsponential smooting, lalu merancang aliran informasi dan material serta melakukan perhitungan VMI untuk mendapatkan ROP, ukuran lot pemesanan, dan frekuensi pengiriman sebagai acuan untuk melakukan pengisian ulang produk dari manufactur ke distributor. Hasil analisa mengunakan diagram fishbone dan FMEA didapatkan penyebab utama yang mengakibatkan bullwhip effect adalah kurangnya koordinasi antar eselon. Hasil implementasi VMI menunjukkan nilai bullwhip effect mengalami penurunan sebesar 52% dan untuk over stock dan biaya penyimpanan mengalami penurunan sebesar 82%. Dari hasil yang didapatkan dapat dikatakan metode yang digunakan berhasil menurunkan nilai bullwhip effect serta over stock dan biaya penyimpanan. Kata kunci: supply chain management, bullwhip effect, peramalan, vendor managed inventory.
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