RAZIQIN, IKHWAN (2026) RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING PEMAKAIAN BEBAN DAN DETEKSI ARUS BEBAN BERLEBIH PADA INSTALASI RUMAH TANGGA BERBASIS IOT. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The increased use of household electrical appliances has led to higher electricity consumption and has the potential to cause safety issues in electrical installations, particularly due to the lack of a real-time load monitoring system and the risk of overloads caused by the simultaneous use of appliances exceeding the installed power capacity, which can lead to equipment damage, network disruptions, and even fire hazards. This study aims to design and build an electrical load monitoring system that also detects excessive load currents in household installations based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The method used is a system design that utilizes the PZEM-004T sensor to measure electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power, which are then processed by Arduino Uno and sent via the ESP8266 module to the RemoteXY application as a remote monitoring medium, and displayed locally via a TFT LCD. This system is also equipped with a relay as a protection mechanism that automatically cuts off the power supply when the current exceeds a predetermined limit. The system was tested using several types of household electrical loads, namely fans, electric kettles, rice cookers in cook and warm modes, and combined loads to observe the system's response to variations and increases in current. The test results show that the system is capable of monitoring electrical load usage in real-time with a relatively small measurement difference between the local display and the IoT application, and is able to detect overcurrent conditions well, as indicated by the relay working optimally in cutting off the electricity flow. Based on these results, the designed system is declared to function in accordance with the research objectives, capable of improving the safety of household electrical installations, and assisting users in monitoring and managing electricity consumption more effectively and efficiently. Keywords: Internet of Things, electrical load monitoring, overcurrent, Peningkatan penggunaan peralatan listrik rumah tangga menyebabkan konsumsi energi listrik semakin tinggi dan berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan keamanan pada instalasi listrik, terutama akibat tidak adanya sistem monitoring pemakaian beban secara real-time serta risiko terjadinya arus beban berlebih akibat penggunaan peralatan secara bersamaan melebihi kapasitas daya terpasang, yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan peralatan, gangguan jaringan, hingga bahaya kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun sistem monitoring pemakaian beban listrik sekaligus mendeteksi arus beban berlebih pada instalasi rumah tangga berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Metode yang digunakan adalah rancang bangun sistem dengan memanfaatkan sensor PZEM-004T untuk mengukur parameter listrik berupa tegangan, arus, dan daya, yang selanjutnya diproses oleh Arduino Uno dan dikirimkan melalui modul ESP8266 ke aplikasi RemoteXY sebagai media monitoring jarak jauh, serta ditampilkan secara lokal melalui LCD TFT. Sistem ini juga dilengkapi dengan relay sebagai mekanisme proteksi yang berfungsi memutus aliran listrik secara otomatis ketika arus melebihi batas yang telah ditentukan. Pengujian sistem dilakukan menggunakan beberapa jenis beban listrik rumah tangga, yaitu kipas angin, teko listrik, rice cooker pada mode cook dan warm, serta beban gabungan untuk melihat respons sistem terhadap variasi dan peningkatan arus. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu memonitor pemakaian beban listrik secara real-time dengan selisih hasil pengukuran yang relatif kecil antara tampilan lokal dan aplikasi IoT, serta mampu mendeteksi kondisi arus beban berlebih dengan baik, ditandai dengan bekerja optimalnya relay dalam memutus aliran listrik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, sistem yang dirancang dinyatakan berfungsi sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian, mampu meningkatkan keamanan instalasi listrik rumah tangga, serta membantu pengguna dalam memantau dan mengelola konsumsi energi listrik secara lebih efektif dan efisien. Kata kunci: Internet of Things, monitoring beban listrik, arus beban berlebih
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