PARDANI, RIENDITA RESTU (2025) DAMPAK FINTECH PEER-TO-PEER LENDING TERHADAP KEBERLANJUTAN KEUANGAN USAHA MIKRO DI INDONESIA (KAJIAN RISIKO, LITERASI DAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN). S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the long-term impact of fintech Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending platforms on the financial sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. In recent years, P2P lending has grown rapidly as a digital financial innovation that expands access to financing, particularly for those underserved by formal financial institutions. While it offers easier access to credit and promotes financial inclusion, P2P lending also raises serious concerns regarding the stability of the microeconomic sector, especially in relation to the long-term viability of micro-enterprises. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach to explore borrower perspectives, platform provider challenges, and the views of consumer protection advocates. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, including MSME borrowers, P2P lending platform providers, and experts in consumer protection. The findings reveal that although P2P lending offers short-term financial solutions, many MSME borrowers are exposed to prolonged financial risks such as increased debt burdens, high default potential, and limited understanding of digital credit mechanisms. Regulatory uncertainty and low levels of financial literacy further exacerbate these risks, while existing consumer protection frameworks remain insufficient to safeguard borrower rights. The study highlights the urgent need for stronger regulatory reforms, improved financial literacy among MSMEs, and greater transparency and accountability from P2P lending providers. This research is expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial authorities, and fintech stakeholders in developing strategies that support microeconomic sustainability without compromising consumer protection and the long-term financial well-being of MSME actors. Keywords: Peer-to-Peer Lending, MSMEs, Financial Literacy, Credit Risk, Consumer Protection, Microeconomic Sustainability. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak jangka panjang dari keberadaan platform fintech Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, P2P lending berkembang pesat sebagai inovasi finansial digital yang memperluas akses pembiayaan, terutama bagi masyarakat yang belum terlayani lembaga keuangan formal. Meskipun menawarkan kemudahan akses dan mempercepat inklusi keuangan, praktik P2P lending juga memunculkan kekhawatiran serius terhadap stabilitas ekonomi mikro, khususnya bagi keberlangsungan usaha mikro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus untuk menggali persepsi peminjam UMKM, tantangan operasional penyedia platform, serta pandangan dari pihak advokat konsumen. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, termasuk pelaku UMKM sebagai peminjam, penyelenggara platform P2P lending, dan pakar perlindungan konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun P2P lending mampu memberikan solusi keuangan jangka pendek, banyak pelaku UMKM menghadapi risiko finansial yang berkelanjutan, seperti beban utang yang meningkat, potensi gagal bayar, dan kurangnya pemahaman terhadap skema kredit digital. Ketidakpastian regulasi dan rendahnya literasi keuangan turut memperparah risiko tersebut, sementara mekanisme perlindungan konsumen dinilai belum cukup melindungi hak-hak peminjam. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya reformasi regulasi yang lebih kuat, peningkatan literasi keuangan bagi pelaku UMKM, serta transparansi dan akuntabilitas dari pihak penyelenggara P2P lending. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan bagi pembuat kebijakan, otoritas keuangan, dan penyelenggara fintech dalam merumuskan strategi yang berorientasi pada keberlanjutan ekonomi mikro, tanpa mengorbankan perlindungan konsumen dan kesejahteraan jangka panjang pelaku UMKM. Kata Kunci: Peer-to-Peer Lending, UMKM, Literasi Keuangan, Risiko Pembiayaan, Perlindungan Konsumen, Ekonomi Mikro.
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