ABROR, ZAYDAN ZAID (2025) DESAIN DAN ANALISIS SISTEM MICROGRID UNTUK OPTIMALISASI AKSES ENERGI DI WILAYAH PEDESAAN MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI HOMER. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The uneven distribution of electricity access across Indonesia, particularly in remote areas such as Compang Necak Village, Lamba Leda Subdistrict, East Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), presents a major challenge in achieving equitable development and community welfare. Dependence on conventional electricity grids, which are difficult to reach due to limited infrastructure, makes it hard for local communities to obtain stable and sustainable energy access. Therefore, the development of microgrid systems based on renewable energy is considered a viable alternative to improve energy access in an independent and environmentally friendly manner. This study employs technical and economic simulation using the HOMER Pro software to design an off-grid hybrid microgrid system that integrates Solar Power Plants (PLTS), Wind Power Plants (PLTB), and battery-based energy storage. Electricity consumption data was collected from 440 households, with an average daily load of 3,333.10 kWh and a peak load of 235 kW. The simulation also incorporates economic variables such as a discount rate of 5.88%, inflation rate of 1.87%, and a project lifetime of 20 years. The simulation results indicate that the most optimal system configuration (System 1) consists of 1,262 kW of solar panels, 23 Eocycle EO10 wind turbines, 5,648 units of SAGM 06 220 batteries, and a 236 kW converter. The system produces a total of 2,593,264 kWh of electricity per year, with 84.2% contributed by solar panels and 15.8% by wind turbines. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is recorded at Rp2,550/kWh, with a Net Present Cost (NPC) of Rp42.3 billion and an annual operating cost of Rp6.8 billion. This system achieves a 100% renewable energy penetration rate and demonstrates strong economic viability for implementation in the study area. Keywords: microgrid, renewable energy, solar power plant, wind power plant, battery storage, HOMER Pro, technical simulation, economic analysis, LCOE, NPC, off-grid Ketersediaan energi listrik yang tidak merata di berbagai wilayah Indonesia, khususnya daerah terpencil seperti Desa Compang Necak, Kecamatan Lamba Leda, Kabupaten Manggarai Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), menjadi tantangan utama dalam pemerataan pembangunan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Ketergantungan pada jaringan listrik konvensional yang sulit dijangkau serta keterbatasan infrastruktur menjadikan masyarakat setempat kesulitan memperoleh akses energi yang stabil dan berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan sistem microgrid berbasis energi terbarukan menjadi solusi alternatif untuk meningkatkan akses listrik secara mandiri dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan simulasi teknis dan ekonomi melalui perangkat lunak HOMER Pro untuk merancang sistem microgrid hybrid off-grid berbasis Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS), Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB), dan sistem penyimpanan energi berbasis baterai. Data konsumsi listrik diperoleh dari 440 kepala keluarga dengan beban harian rata-rata 3.333,10 kWh dan puncak beban sebesar 235 kW. Simulasi memperhitungkan variabel ekonomi seperti discount rate sebesar 5,88%, inflation rate 1,87%, dan project lifetime selama 20 tahun. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi sistem paling optimal (Sistem 1) terdiri dari 1.262 kW panel surya, 23 unit turbin angin Eocycle EO10, 5.648 unit baterai SAGM 06 220, dan konverter berkapasitas 236 kW. Sistem ini menghasilkan total produksi energi sebesar 2.593.264 kWh per tahun, dengan kontribusi panel surya sebesar 84,2% dan turbin angin sebesar 15,8%. Nilai Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) tercatat sebesar Rp2.550/kWh dengan Net Present Cost (NPC) Rp42,3 miliar dan operating cost Rp6,8 miliar per tahun. Sistem ini mencapai penetrasi energi terbarukan 100% serta menunjukkan nilai ekonomi yang kompetitif dan layak untuk diimplementasikan di wilayah studi Kata Kunci: microgrid, energi terbarukan, PLTS, PLTB, baterai, HOMER Pro, simulasi teknis, simulasi ekonomi, LCOE, NPC, off-grid.
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