KONSTRUKSI REALITAS KESENJANGAN SOSIAL DALAM FILM PARASITE

WARDOYO, DANANG (2023) KONSTRUKSI REALITAS KESENJANGAN SOSIAL DALAM FILM PARASITE. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

Film is a form of mass communication that continues to grow today. Film has the potential to influence its audience because of its power and ability to reach many social segments. Over time, the messages conveyed by films have become more diverse. One of them is the depiction of the reality of social inequality. This research examines the film “Parasite”, the story of two families with very different social and economic backgrounds. The purpose of this study is to find out the construction of the reality of social inequality depicted in the film. In the process of interpreting the meaning of the sign, the writer uses the theory of reality construction according to Peter L. Berger which reveals three stages in the dialectical process, namely externalization, objectification, and internalization. This study uses a constructivist paradigm, with a qualitative approach and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic analysis method consisting of signifiers and signifieds. The unit of analysis is 10 scene cuts that describe the construction of the reality of social inequality including nonverbal and verbal signs. Based on the results of the research, in the film Parasite it was found that there was a depiction of social inequality between the Kim family (poor) and the Park family (wealthy). The social gaps found are the housing gap, the gap in the ability to finance education, the job gap, the lifestyle gap, and the surrounding environment gap. Keywords: film, construction of reality, social inequality, semiotics. Film merupakan salah satu bentuk komunikasi massa yang terus berkembang saat ini. Film memiliki potensi untuk mempengaruhi khalayaknya karena kekuatan dan kemampuannya dalam menjangkau banyak segmen sosial. Seiring berjalannya waktu, pesan yang dibawa oleh film pun makin beragam. Salah satunya adalah penggambaran tentang realitas kesenjangan sosial. Penelitian ini meneliti film “Parasite”, kisah dua keluarga dengan latar belakang sosial dan ekonomi yang jauh berbeda. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui konstruksi realitas kesenjangan sosial yang tergambar dalam film tersebut. Dalam proses menafsirkan makna pada tanda, penulis menggunakan teori konstruksi realitas menurut Peter L. Berger yang mengungkapkan tiga tahapan dalam proses dialektika yakni eksternalisasi, objektivikasi, dan internalisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis, dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode analisis semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure yang terdiri dari penanda (signifier) dan petanda (signified). Adapun unit analisisnya adalah 10 potongan scene yang menggambarkan konstruksi realitas kesenjangan sosial meliputi tanda nonverbal dan verbal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dalam film Parasite ditemukan adanya penggambaran kesenjangan sosial antara keluarga Kim (miskin) dan keluarga Park (kaya). Kesenjangan-kesenjangan sosial yang ditemukan yakni kesenjangan tempat tinggal, kesenjangan kemampuan membiayai pendidikan, kesenjangan pekerjaan, kesenjangan gaya hidup, dan kesenjangan lingkungan sekitar. Kata kunci: film, konstruksi realitas, kesenjangan sosial, semiotika

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