ARRAIS, MUCHAMMAD TAUFIQI (2023) ANALISA PENGARUH AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH (AOD), TEMPERATURE, IRIDIASI MATAHARI PADA PANEL SURYA TERHADAP RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PLTS (Studi Kasus PLTS BPKAD JATIM). S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
renewable energy in Indonesia, 200,000 Mw of them comes from solar energy sources. Therefore, in its operation, PLTS has many disturbing factors in its operation, including the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) index which can be caused by the impact of forest fires and volcanic eruptions, especially since Indonesia is a tropical country and there are volcanoes and forests which can be at risk of releasing aerosols. in the air, temperature and solar irradiation which can be influencing factors in their operation on the output power of PLTS. In 2022 the East Java Regional Financial Management Agency (BPKAD) has built the PLTS ON – GRID system. In analyzing the impact of AOD, temperature and solar irradiation on the power output of PLTS, it is necessary to understand the components that will be used in it, such as solar panels and inverters. In addition, special modeling is needed in order to analyze the impact of AOD on solar irradiation. Apart from that, by reading literature studies from several previous journal studies regarding the components of PLTS and the data that will be taken as a reference source. Of course, in order to be able to measure and find the data, it is necessary to understand the measurement tools in data collection. Based on the results of the analysis carried out using regression analysis and correlation, the modeling became the AOD variable for solar irradiation by collecting existing data where the total solar irradiation that reached the earth and reached the surface was 5.967 x 107 Kwh/m2, in addition to aerosol data which in the earth's atmosphere has a range ranging from 0.1 – 0.5 per day which can reduce the level of solar irradiation by 50% when it reaches an AOD index of 4, besides that the weather temperature in Indonesia, especially in the city of Surabaya, is a parameter and its value varies from 22oC – 30oC. From the data above, it was found that the AOD modeling system for solar irradiation was obtained from the regression analysis and correlation with the model Y = 48.764x + 6.0609 and the value of R2 = 0.9473, besides that a correlation test was carried out to find out the correlation between temperature and Solar Panel output of 0.98, irradiation and solar panels of 0.94, temperature and solar irradiation of 0.92 and the correlation of AOD to solar irradiation of 0.94. The data was taken in the city of Surabaya by collecting data through available website pages and measurements. So it can be concluded that when AOD increases, the level of solar irradiation in Surabaya City will decrease from 7.37% to 9.5% and can reduce the output power of solar panels. In addition, from the correlation test of the three data, it was found that an average of 94.5% had a correlation and it was concluded that the installation of PLTS in Surabaya still had a good difference with AOD and was not the highest at 9.5%. It is hoped that in the future in designing the PLTS system it can pay attention to the impact of AOD and temperature on the surrounding environment. Keywords : AOD, Temperature, PLTS – On Grid, Irradiance Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya atau PLTS adalah salah satu energi baru terbarukan untuk saat ini. Dari 400.0000 Mw Energi terbarukan yang ada di Indonesia 200.000 Mw diantaranya berasal dari sumber energi surya. Oleh karena itu dalam operasi nya PLTS memiliki banyak faktor penganggu dalam operasinya, diantaranya adalah indeks Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) yang dapat disebabkan oleh dampak kebakaran hutan dan letusan gunung berapi terlebih Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dan terdapat gunung berapi serta hutan yang dapat berisiko mengeluarkan Aerosol di udara, Temperatur dan Iridiasi matahari yang dapat menjadi faktor pengaruh dalam operasinya terhadap daya keluaran PLTS. Pada tahun 2022 Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah (BPKAD) Jawa Timur telah membangun sistem PLTS ON – GRID. Dalam menganalisa dampak dari AOD, temperature dan Iridiasi matahari terhadap keluaran daya PLTS maka perlu pemahaman terkait komponen yang akan digunakan didalamnnya, seperti Solar Panel dan Inverter. Selain itu perlunya permodelan khusus agar dapat menganalisa dampak dari AOD terhadap iradiasi matahari. Selain itu dengan membaca studi literatur dari beberapa penelitian jurnal terdahulu mengenai komponen PLTS dan data yang akan diambil menjadi sumber acuan. Tentunya agar dapat mengukur dan menemukan data tersebut diperlukannya pemahaman terkait alat ukur dalam pengambilan data. Berdasarkan dari hasil Analisa yang dilakukan menggunakan Analisa regresi dan korelasi didapatkan permodelan menjadi variabel AOD terhadap Iridiasi matahari dengan mengumpulkan data yang telah ada dimana Total Iridiasi matahari yang sampai ke bumi dan sampai di permukaan adalah 5,967 x 107 Kwh/m2 , selain itu data aerosol yang ada di atmosfer bumi memiliki jangkauan mulai dari 0,1 – 0,5 per hari yang dapat menurunkan tingkat iradiasi matahari sebesar 50% ketika mencapai indeks AOD sebesar 4, selain itu temperatur cuaca di Indonesia khususnya di kota Surabaya menjadi parameter dan nilainya bervariasi mulai dari 22oC – 30oC. Dari data diatas ditemukan sistem permodelan AOD terhadap Iradiasi matahari yang didapat dari analisa regresi dan korelasi dengan model Y =48,764x + 6,0609 dan nilai R 2 = 0,9473, selain itu uji korelasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara temperature dan keluaran Solar Panel sebesar 0,98, Iradiasi dan Solar Panel sebesar 0,94, temperature dan iradiasi matahari sebesar 0,92 dan korelasi AOD terhadap Iradiasi Matahari sebesar 0,94. Data tersebut diambil di kota Surabaya dengan cara pengambilan data melalui laman website yang tersedia dan pengukuran. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketika AOD naik maka tingkat iradiasi matahari di Kota Surabaya akan turun mulai dari 7,37% sampai 9,5% dan dapat mengurangi daya keluaran solar panel. Selain itu dari uji korelasi dari ke tiga data didapatkan bahwa rata – rata sebesar 94,5 % memiliki korelasi dan disimpulkan pemasangan PLTS di Surabaya masih baik perbedaan dengan AOD dan tidak tertinggi sebesar 9,5%. Diharapkan kedepannya dalam merancang Sistem PLTS dapat memperhatikan dampak AOD dan Temperatur kondisi lingkungan sekitar. Kata Kunci : AOD,Temperature, PLTS ON – Grid, Iradiasi Matahari
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