IKWAL, AHMAD (2026) ANALISIS EMISI KARBON SEPEDA MOTOR LISTRIK KONVERSI DENGAN METODE TES JALAN DAN PENGARUH KOEFISIEN GESEK. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The transportation sector is one of the major contributors to carbon emissions in Indonesia, particularly from the use of fossil fuel-powered motorcycles with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) systems. The high dependence on fossil fuels increases carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and has impacts on environmental quality and public health. One effort to reduce these emissions is the conversion of fossil fuel-powered motorcycles into battery-based electric motorcycles. This study aims to analyze the carbon emissions of a converted electric motorcycle using the road test method, determine the emission saving compared with a conventional motorcycle, and analyze the effect of road conditions on energy consumption and carbon emissions. The study employed an experimental method with a quantitative approach through direct testing under real operating conditions. Testing was conducted under two road conditions, namely a flat road and an uphill road with a slope angle of 6°. Data were obtained using a GPS-based emission calculator referring to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) & TNT method. The analyzed variables included energy consumption, carbon emissions, and the effect of vehicle resistance represented by road conditions and the coefficient of friction of the road surface. The results showed that under flat-road conditions, the converted electric motorcycle had an energy consumption of 0.0459 kWh/km and carbon emissions of 0.0385 kgCO₂/km. The calculation results showed that a road surface friction coefficient of 0.30 resulted in a theoretical friction force of 503.25 N on the flat road and 500.50 N on the 6° uphill road. Under uphill conditions, energy consumption increased to 0.0685 kWh/km, representing an increase of 49.24%, while carbon emissions increased to 0.0575 kgCO₂/km, representing an increase of 49.35% compared with the flat-road condition. The power requirement also increased from 0.166 kW on the flat road to 1.184 kW on the uphill road. Based on the Well-to-Wheel (WTW) approach, the converted electric motorcycle achieved an emission saving of 0.0456 kgCO₂/km, with a carbon emission reduction of 54.2% compared with a conventional gasoline-powered motorcycle. Keywords: Carbon Emissions, Converted Electric Motorcycle, Road Test, Coefficient of Friction, Emission Saving. Sektor transportasi merupakan salah satu penyumbang utama emisi karbon di Indonesia, terutama dari penggunaan sepeda motor berbahan bakar fosil dengan sistem Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). Tingginya ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil meningkatkan emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) serta berdampak terhadap kualitas lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi tersebut adalah melalui konversi sepeda motor berbahan bakar fosil menjadi sepeda motor listrik berbasis baterai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis emisi karbon sepeda motor listrik hasil konversi menggunakan metode tes jalan, menentukan nilai emission saving dibandingkan sepeda motor konvensional, serta menganalisis pengaruh kondisi lintasan jalan terhadap konsumsi energi dan emisi karbon. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui pengujian langsung pada kondisi operasional nyata. Pengujian dilakukan pada dua kondisi lintasan, yaitu jalan datar dan jalan menanjak dengan sudut kemiringan 6°. Data diperoleh menggunakan kalkulator emisi berbasis GPS yang mengacu pada metode United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) & TNT. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi konsumsi energi, emisi karbon, serta pengaruh hambatan kendaraan yang direpresentasikan melalui kondisi lintasan jalan dan koefisien gesek permukaan jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi jalan datar, sepeda motor listrik hasil konversi menghasilkan konsumsi energi sebesar 0,0459 kWh/km dan emisi karbon sebesar 0,0385 kgCO₂/km. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa koefisien gesek permukaan jalan sebesar 0,30 menghasilkan gaya gesek teoritis sebesar 503,25 N pada jalan datar dan 500,50 N pada jalan menanjak 6°. Pada kondisi jalan menanjak, konsumsi energi meningkat menjadi 0,0685 kWh/km atau sebesar 49,24%, sedangkan emisi karbon meningkat menjadi 0,0575 kgCO₂/km atau sebesar 49,35% dibandingkan kondisi jalan datar. Kebutuhan daya juga meningkat dari 0,166 kW pada jalan datar menjadi 1,184 kW pada jalan menanjak. Berdasarkan pendekatan Well-to-Wheel (WTW), sepeda motor listrik hasil konversi mampu menghasilkan emission saving sebesar 0,0456 kgCO₂/km dengan persentase reduksi emisi karbon sebesar 54,2% dibandingkan sepeda motor konvensional berbahan bakar bensin. Kata kunci: Emisi Karbon, Sepeda Motor Listrik Konversi, Tes Jalan, Koefisien Gesek, Emission Saving
| Item Type: | Thesis (S2) |
|---|---|
| NIM/NIDN Creators: | 55824010001 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Emisi Karbon, Sepeda Motor Listrik Konversi, Tes Jalan, Koefisien Gesek, Emission Saving |
| Subjects: | 100 Philosophy and Psychology/Filsafat dan Psikologi > 150 Psychology/Psikologi > 152 Sensory Perception, Movement, Emotions, Physiological Drives/Psikologi Fisiologis > 152.3 Movement and Motor Functions/Fungsi Gerak dan Motorik > 152.38 Special Motor Functions/Fungsi Motor Khusus 600 Technology/Teknologi > 620 Engineering and Applied Operations/Ilmu Teknik dan operasi Terapan > 621 Applied Physics/Fisika terapan > 621.8 Machine Engineering, Machinery/Teknik Mesin |
| Divisions: | Pascasarjana > Magister Teknik Mesin |
| Depositing User: | khalimah |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Sep 2026 11:46 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Sep 2026 11:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.mercubuana.ac.id/id/eprint/103965 |
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