WIRAYUDA, SATYA (2026) RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE SISTEM KONTROL DAN MONITORING PENYIRAMAN AIR DAN PUPUK OTOMATIS PADA TANAMAN CABAI BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT). S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The design and development of a prototype system for the control and monitoring of automatic watering and fertilizer application for chili plants based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was motivated by the fact that watering and fertilizer application are still performed manually, requiring constant supervision and potentially leading to inconsistencies in the amounts of water and fertilizer applied. Therefore, this study developed a prototype system capable of automatically controlling and monitoring watering and fertilizer application using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as its core component, a YL-69 sensor to measure soil moisture, and a DHT11 sensor to monitor air temperature and humidity. The water pump operates automatically based on soil moisture levels, while the fertilizer pump is activated according to a schedule using an RTC (Real-Time Clock) module or manually. The system also features a monitoring website to track plant conditions and irrigation status. The test results show that the YL-69 soil moisture sensor has an average measurement deviation of 0.83% and an average error percentage of 1.77%. Testing of the DHT11 sensor showed an average temperature measurement accuracy of 97.89% with an average deviation of 0.53°C, while humidity measurements had an average error percentage of 7.36%. IoT communication testing showed that sensor data transmission from the ESP32 to the server had an average response time of 105.3 ms with a 100% success rate. HTTP GET communication testing between the server and the ESP32 yielded an average response time of 309.5 ms, with a minimum time of 28 ms and a maximum of 541 ms. Meanwhile, testing the execution of commands on the actuator 10 times showed a 100% success rate with a measured response time of 0 ms. The system also successfully turned on the water pump automatically based on the specified soil moisture level, operated the fertilizer pump according to the RTC schedule, and displayed the results of plant condition monitoring via the localhost website. Based on these results, the prototype successfully performed the functions of monitoring and automatically controlling irrigation and fertilizer application in accordance with the specified system design. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32, YL-69 Sensor, DHT11 Sensor, Automatic Watering, Automatic Fertilizing, Chili Plants Rancang bangun prototype sistem kontrol dan monitoring penyiraman air serta pemberian pupuk otomatis pada tanaman cabai berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dilatarbelakangi oleh proses penyiraman dan pemberian pupuk yang masih dilakukan secara manual, sehingga memerlukan pengawasan terus-menerus dan berpotensi menyebabkan ketidaksesuaian dalam jumlah air dan pupuk yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dibuat sebuah prototype sistem yang dapat mengatur dan memantau penyiraman air serta pemberian pupuk secara otomatis menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT). Sistem menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai bagian utama, sensor YL-69 untuk mengukur kelembapan tanah, serta sensor DHT11 untuk memantau suhu dan kelembapan udara. Pompa air bekerja secara otomatis berdasarkan tingkat kelembapan tanah, sedangkan pompa pupuk dijalankan sesuai jadwal menggunakan modul RTC (Real Time Clock) atau secara manual. Sistem juga dilengkapi website monitoring untuk memantau kondisi tanaman dan status penyiraman. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sensor kelembapan tanah YL-69 memiliki selisih rata-rata pengukuran sebesar 0,83% dan rata-rata persentase kesalahan sebesar 1,77%. Pengujian sensor DHT11 menunjukkan akurasi pengukuran suhu rata-rata sebesar 97,89% dengan selisih rata-rata 0,53°C, sedangkan pengukuran kelembapan udara memiliki persentase error rata-rata sebesar 7,36%. Pengujian komunikasi IoT menunjukkan bahwa pengiriman data sensor dari ESP32 ke server memiliki rata-rata waktu respons sebesar 105,3 ms dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100%. Pengujian komunikasi HTTP GET antara server dan ESP32 menghasilkan rata-rata waktu respons sebesar 309,5 ms, dengan waktu minimum 28 ms dan maksimum 541 ms. Sementara itu, pengujian penerapan perintah terhadap aktuator sebanyak 10 kali menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan 100% dengan waktu respons terukur sebesar 0 ms. Sistem juga berhasil menghidupkan pompa air secara otomatis sesuai tingkat kelembapan tanah yang ditentukan, mengoperasikan pompa pupuk sesuai jadwal RTC, dan menampilkan hasil pemantauan kondisi tanaman melalui website localhost. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, prototype yang dibuat berhasil melakukan fungsi pemantauan dan pengendalian penyiraman serta pemberian pupuk secara otomatis sesuai dengan desain sistem yang telah ditentukan. Kata Kunci: Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32, Sensor YL-69, Sensor DHT11, Penyiraman Otomatis, Pemupukan Otomatis, Tanaman Cabai.
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