MONICA, ZELVIA (2026) OPTIMASI SERBUK TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN MgO-SiO2 PADA FLUKS ELEKTRODA SHIELD METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) UNTUK PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SAMBUNGAN LAS. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is one of the most widely used metal joining processes in industry due to its high flexibility, relatively low cost, and ability to produce strong welded joints. The quality of welded joints is strongly influenced by the electrode flux composition, which functions to stabilize the welding arc, protect the molten metal from atmospheric contamination, and affect the mechanical properties of the weld metal. The utilization of Coconut Shell Powder as a flux additive offers an environmentally friendly alternative with the potential to improve weld quality. This study aimed to optimize the composition of Coconut Shell Powder and MgO–SiO₂ composite in SMAW electrode fluxes and evaluate their effects on the mechanical properties and microstructure of medium-carbon steel welded joints. An experimental method was employed using three variations of Coconut Shell Powder content, namely 10%, 20%, and 30%, in MgO–SiO₂-based electrode fluxes. The welded specimens were evaluated through Vickers hardness testing, tensile testing, Charpy impact testing, and microstructural observation. The results demonstrated that the flux composition significantly affected the characteristics of thewelded joints.Variant 2, containing 20% coconutshell powder, exhibited the best performance with an average hardness of 228.3 HV, a maximum tensile load of 68.44 kN, and an impact energy of 117 J. Microstructural analysis revealed that Variant 2 possessed a finer, denser, and more homogeneous ferrite–pearlite distribution compared with the other variants, resulting in superior mechanical properties. In contrast, Variant 1 exhibited the lowest mechanical performance, with a hardness of 175.4 HV, a tensile load of 11.25 kN, and an impact energy of 14 J. Variant 3 showed a relatively high tensile load of 62.97 kN; however, its impact toughness decreased significantly to 11 J due to the increased tendency toward brittle microstructural characteristics. The findings indicate that an MgO–SiO₂- based flux containing 20% Coconut Shell Powder is the optimum formulation for improving the quality of SMAW welded joints. Keywords: SShielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), flux electrode, coconut shell powder, MgO–SiO₂ composite, mechanical properties. Proses pengelasan Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) merupakan salah satu metode penyambungan logam yang banyak digunakan dalam industri karena memiliki fleksibilitas tinggi, biaya relatif rendah, dan mampu menghasilkan sambungan yang kuat. Kualitas sambungan las sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi fluks elektroda yang berfungsi menstabilkan busur listrik, melindungi logam cair dari kontaminasi atmosfer, serta memengaruhi sifat mekanik hasil las. Pemanfaatan serbuk tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan tambahan fluks merupakan alternatif ramah lingkungan yang berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas hasil pengelasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi komposisi serbuk tempurung kelapa dan komposit MgO–SiO₂ pada fluks elektroda SMAW terhadap sifat mekanik dan struktur mikro sambungan las baja karbon sedang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan tiga variasi komposisi serbuk tempurung kelapa, yaitu 10%, 20%, dan 30% pada fluks elektroda berbasis MgO–SiO₂. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji kekerasan Vickers, uji tarik, uji impak Charpy, dan pengamatan struktur mikro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi komposisi fluks berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik sambungan las. Varian 2 dengan kandungan serbuk tempurung kelapa 20% menghasilkan performa terbaik dengan nilai kekerasan rata-rata sebesar 228,3 HV, kekuatan tarik maksimum sebesar 68,44 kN, dan nilai impak sebesar 117 J. Hasil pengamatan mikrostruktur menunjukkan bahwa Varian 2 memiliki distribusi ferrite dan pearlite yang lebih halus, rapat, dan homogen dibandingkan varian lainnya, sehingga menghasilkan sifat mekanik yang lebih baik. Sementara itu, Varian 1 menghasilkan sifat mekanik terendah dengan kekerasan 175,4 HV, kekuatan tarik 11,25 kN, dan impak 14 J, sedangkan Varian 3 menghasilkan kekuatan tarik yang tinggi sebesar 62,97 kN namun mengalami penurunan ketangguhan impak menjadi 11 J akibat meningkatnya kecenderungan struktur yang lebih getas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi fluks berbasis MgO–SiO₂ dengan penambahan 20% serbuk tempurung kelapa merupakan formulasi optimum untuk meningkatkan kualitas sambungan las SMAW. Kata kunci: SMAW, fluks elektroda, serbuk tempurung kelapa, komposit MgO–SiO₂, sifat mekanik.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S2) |
|---|---|
| NIM/NIDN Creators: | 55824010006 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | SMAW, fluks elektroda, serbuk tempurung kelapa, komposit MgO–SiO₂, sifat mekanik. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology/Teknologi > 620 Engineering and Applied Operations/Ilmu Teknik dan operasi Terapan > 621 Applied Physics/Fisika terapan > 621.8 Machine Engineering, Machinery/Teknik Mesin 600 Technology/Teknologi > 650 Management, Public Relations, Business and Auxiliary Service/Manajemen, Hubungan Masyarakat, Bisnis dan Ilmu yang Berkaitan > 658 General Management/Manajemen Umum > 658.6 Quality Management/Manajemen Kualitas 600 Technology/Teknologi > 670 Manufacturing/Manufaktur, Pabrik-pabrik > 671 Metalworking Process/Pabrik Logam > 671.4 Electroforming of Metals/Pembuatan Elektroda Logam |
| Divisions: | Pascasarjana > Magister Teknik Mesin |
| Depositing User: | khalimah |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2026 02:13 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2026 02:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.mercubuana.ac.id/id/eprint/102976 |
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