FAIZAL, FAIZAL (2026) ANALISIS PENGARUH PENURUNAN TEKANAN OUTLET SAF TERHADAP FLOW STEAM, TEMPERATURE AIR ECONOMIZER, DAN EFISIENSI BOILER CFB BERKAPASITAS 240 TON/JAM. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The demand for electrical energy continues to increase, with more and more industrial companies building their own factories and power plants, such as steam power plants (PLTU) which have main components such as boilers that function to produce steam to drive turbines and generators to produce electricity. The stability of boiler performance is a particular concern so that boiler efficiency can be maintained in good condition. However, at PT X, Boiler Unit 5 experienced a decline in performance, where the low outlet pressure of the Secondary Air Fan (SAF) caused boiler unit 5 to be unable to achieve maximum steam flow and high combustion pressure. Based on the results of the SAF performance evaluation, Boiler Unit 5 only produced a combustion air outlet pressure of 3.4 kPa at an SAF speed of 1408 rpm with a performance decline of 68.7%, compared to SAF Unit 2, which at a speed of only 1004 rpm could produce an outlet pressure of 2.9 kPa with a performance decline of 47.47%. while SAF unit 3, with the same rotation speed as SAF unit 2 at 1004 rpm, can produce an outlet pressure of 3.8 kPa with a performance reduction percentage of 31.17%, indicating that SAF unit 3 has the best performance among the other units. This difference indicates a leak in the preheater water pipe (APH) of unit 5, which causes a decrease in the supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber, thus directly impacting the decrease in combustion pressure and limiting the increase in steam flow, which causes a decrease in the economizer water temperature and boiler efficiency. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the integrity of the pre-heater water pipe plays an important role in maintaining combustion pressure, increasing steam flow, economizer water temperature, and overall boiler efficiency. Therefore, this study recommends the installation of a pre-heater water pipe leak analysis indicator integrated with the Distributed Control System (DCS), in the form of monitoring the relationship between SAF speed and combustion air outlet pressure as well as the decrease in heat absorption capacity in the APH, to support early leak detection and improve boiler operation reliability. Keywords: Boiler, SAF Outlet, Efficiency, DCS Monitoring, Economizer Kebutuhan energi listrik semakin lama semakin meningkat, yang mana semakin banyaknya perusahaan industri yang membangun pabrik beserta pembangkit listrik sendiri, seperti pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) yang memiliki komponen utama seperti boiler yang berfungsi menghasilkan uap untuk menggerakkan turbin dan generator sehingga menghasilkan listrik. Kestabilan performa boiler menjadi perhatian khusus agar efisiensi boiler dapat dipertahankan dalam kondisi baik. Namun di PT X pada Boiler Unit 5 mengalami penurunan performa yang mana rendahnya tekanan outlet udara dari Secondary Air Fan (SAF) menyebabkan dari boiler unit 5 tidak mampu mencapai flow steam maksimal dan tekanan pembakaran yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi kinerja SAF, Boiler unit 5 hanya menghasilkan tekanan outlet udara pembakaran sebesar 3,4 kPa pada kecepatan SAF 1408 rpm dengan presentase penurunan performa 68,7 %, dibandingkan SAF unit 2 hanya dengan kecepatan 1004 rpm bisa menghasilkan tekanan outlet 2,9 kPa dengan persentase penurunan performa 47,47%, sedangkan SAF unit 3 dengan kecepatan putaran yang sama dengan SAF unit 2 pada 1004 rpm bisa menghasilkan tekanan outlet 3,8 kPa dengan presentase penurunan performa 31,17 % yang menandakan SAF unit 3 memiliki performa terbaik dari unit lain. Perbedaan ini mengindikasikan terjadinya kebocoran pada pipa air pre-heater (APH) unit 5 yang menyebabkan penurunan suplai udara pembakaran ke ruang bakar sehingga berdampak langsung terhadap penurunan tekanan pembakaran dan keterbatasan peningkatan flow steam yang menyebabkan turunnya temperature air economizer dan efisiensi boiler. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa integritas pipa air pre-heater berperan penting dalam menjaga tekanan pembakaran, peningkatan flow steam, temperatur air economizer, dan efisiensi boiler secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemasangan indikator analisis kebocoran pipa air pre-heater yang terintegrasi dengan Distributed Control System (DCS), berupa pemantauan hubungan antara kecepatan SAF dan tekanan outlet udara pembakaran serta penurunan kemampuan penyerapan panas pada APH, guna mendukung deteksi dini kebocoran dan meningkatkan keandalan operasi boiler. Kata kunci : Boiler, Outlet SAF, Efisiensi, Pemantauan DCS, Economizer
| Item Type: | Thesis (S2) |
|---|---|
| NIM/NIDN Creators: | 55823120007 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Boiler, Outlet SAF, Efisiensi, Pemantauan DCS, Economizer |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural Science and Mathematics/Ilmu-ilmu Alam dan Matematika > 530 Physics/Fisika > 536 Heat/Panas > 536.5 Temperature/Temperatur, Suhu 500 Natural Science and Mathematics/Ilmu-ilmu Alam dan Matematika > 530 Physics/Fisika > 537 Electricity/Fisika Listrik 600 Technology/Teknologi > 620 Engineering and Applied Operations/Ilmu Teknik dan operasi Terapan > 621 Applied Physics/Fisika terapan > 621.8 Machine Engineering, Machinery/Teknik Mesin |
| Divisions: | Pascasarjana > Magister Teknik Mesin |
| Depositing User: | khalimah |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Mar 2026 08:39 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Mar 2026 08:39 |
| URI: | http://repository.mercubuana.ac.id/id/eprint/101593 |
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