SETIAWAN, IKHSAN (2025) FABRIKASI ELEKTRODA REFERENSI PADATAN Cu/CuSO4 BERBASISKAN KOMPOSIT KAOLINE/PVC. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Electrochemical measurements require a reference electrode with a stable potential; however, conventional electrodes such as SCE and Ag/AgCl have limitations, including toxicity, long-term instability, leakage risks, and high fabrication costs. This research aims to develop a solid-state reference electrode based on a kaolin/PVC composite that is more compact, practical, and stable compared to conventional reference electrodes. Specifically, the objectives of this study are: (1) to develop a Cu/CuSO₄ solid-state reference electrode with a kaolin/PVC composite featuring a smaller size and simpler construction, (2) to investigate the effect of kaolin (10%, 20%, and 30%) / PVC (30%, 35%, 40%, and 50%) compositions and structures on electrode performance, including potential stability, resistance to leakage, and electrolyte evaporation, and (3) to evaluate the electrode’s performance in electroanalytical applications to ensure potential stability and measurement accuracy. Reference electrodes are essential components in electrochemical measurement systems such as potentiometry, voltammetry, and electrolysis, serving as stable sources of reference potential. Although conventional reference electrodes such as the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and silver/silver chloride electrode (Ag/AgCl) are widely used, both have drawbacks, including large size, reliance on saturated electrolyte solutions prone to leakage, and polarization effects that may affect measurement accuracy. As an alternative, solid-state reference electrodes based on Cu/CuSO₄ offer simpler construction and smaller dimensions. In this study, kaolin and PVC composites are utilized to enhance the stability and performance of the Cu/CuSO₄ reference electrode. The fabrication method includes material preparation, electrode processing, and characterization using various electrochemical techniques. The findings of this study highlight that a potential deviation limit of ≤12 mV can serve as a key indicator for evaluating the optimal performance of the reference electrode. This research contributes to the development of more efficient and reliable reference electrodes for electrochemical applications. Keywords: Reference Electrode, Cu/CuSO₄, Kaolin/PVC, Solid-State Electrode Pengukuran elektrokimia memerlukan elektroda referensi dengan potensial stabil, namun elektroda konvensional seperti SCE dan Ag/AgCl memiliki keterbatasan seperti toksisitas, ketidakstabilan jangka panjang, risiko kebocoran, dan biaya pembuatan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan elektroda referensi padatan berbasis komposit kaolin/PVC yang lebih kompak, praktis, dan stabil dibandingkan elektroda referensi konvensional. Secara khusus, tujuan penelitian ini meliputi: (1) mengembangkan elektroda referensi padatan Cu/CuSO₄ dengan komposit kaolin/PVC yang memiliki ukuran lebih kecil dan konstruksi sederhana, (2) mengkaji pengaruh komposisi dan struktur komposit Kaolin (10%, 20%, dan 30%) / PVC (30%, 35%, 40%, dan 50%) terhadap kinerja elektroda, termasuk stabilitas potensial, ketahanan terhadap kebocoran, dan penguapan larutan elektrolit, serta (3) mengevaluasi kinerja elektroda dalam aplikasi elektroanalisis untuk memastikan stabilitas dan akurasi pengukuran potensial elektroda. Elektroda referensi merupakan komponen penting dalam sistem pengukuran elektrokimia seperti potensiometri, voltametri, dan elektrolisis, yang berfungsi sebagai sumber potensial referensi yang stabil. Meskipun elektroda referensi konvensional seperti elektroda kalomel jenuh (SCE) dan elektroda perak klorida (Ag/AgCl) banyak digunakan, kedua jenis elektroda tersebut memiliki kekurangan seperti ukuran yang besar, ketergantungan pada larutan elektrolit jenuh yang rentan terhadap kebocoran, dan polarisasi yang dapat mempengaruhi akurasi pengukuran. Sebagai alternatif, elektroda referensi padatan berbasis Cu/CuSO₄ menawarkan konstruksi yang lebih sederhana dan ukuran yang lebih kecil. Dalam penelitian ini, komposit kaolin dan PVC digunakan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas dan kinerja elektroda referensi Cu/CuSO₄. Metode fabrikasi yang digunakan meliputi persiapan bahan, pengolahan elektroda, serta karakterisasi elektroda menggunakan berbagai teknik elektrokimia. Hasil penelitian ini memperkuat bahwa batas deviasi potensial ≤12 mV dapat dijadikan indikator utama dalam menilai kinerja optimal elektroda referensi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan elektroda referensi yang lebih efisien dan dapat diandalkan untuk aplikasi elektrokimia. Kata Kunci: Elektroda Referensi, Cu/CuSO₄, Kaolin/PVC, Elektroda Padatan
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