GUNADI, JIHAD BARA (2025) PERANCANGAN SISTEM TRACKING SOLAR PANEL MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY MAMDANI BERBASIS IOT. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Along with the increasing need for energy and the limitations of nonrenewable fossil energy resources, the utilization of alternative energy such as solar energy is becoming increasingly important. One method that can increase the efficiency of solar energy absorption is to use a solar tracker system. This system allows solar panels to move in the direction of sunlight to maximize the intensity of light received. In this research, a solar panel tracking system is designed using the Mamdani fuzzy logic method integrated with the ThingSpeak Internet of Things (IoT) platform for real-time data monitoring. The system uses several main sensors such as BH1750 to detect light intensity from two sides, INA219 to measure the voltage and current output of solar panels, and DHT22 to monitor the temperature and humidity of the environment. The ESP32 microcontroller is used as a data processing center that applies the Mamdani fuzzy method to determine the direction of movement of the servo motor automatically. The delta lux value (the difference between the right and left light intensity) is used as input for the fuzzy logic to produce an output of changing the servo angle that moves the panel following the direction of the sun. The test results show that the system works accurately and stably. The DHT22 sensor recorded an average temperature and humidity error of less than 1%. The INA219 sensor produced a voltage error of 0.09% and a current of 0.45%. The Mamdani fuzzy output matches the actual values in ThingSpeak. The solar panel with drive has an average voltage of 12.75 V and current of 0.78 A, while without drive it is lower. The efficiency of the panel with drive was recorded at 38.08%, an increase of 8.21% over the system without drive which was only 29.87%. Keywords: Tracking System, Solar Panel, Fuzzy Mamdani, Internet of Things (IoT). Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan energi dan keterbatasan sumber daya energi fosil yang tidak terbarukan, pemanfaatan energi alternatif seperti energi surya menjadi semakin penting. Salah satu metode yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penyerapan energi matahari adalah dengan menggunakan sistem solar tracker. Sistem ini memungkinkan panel surya bergerak mengikuti arah datangnya sinar matahari untuk memaksimalkan intensitas cahaya yang diterima. Dalam penelitian ini, dirancang sebuah sistem tracking panel surya menggunakan metode logika fuzzy Mamdani yang terintegrasi dengan platform Internet of Things (IoT) ThingSpeak untuk pemantauan data secara real-time. Sistem yang dibangun menggunakan beberapa sensor utama seperti BH1750 untuk mendeteksi intensitas cahaya dari dua sisi, INA219 untuk mengukur tegangan dan arus keluaran panel surya, serta DHT22 untuk memantau suhu dan kelembapan lingkungan. Mikrokontroler ESP32 digunakan sebagai pusat pemrosesan data yang menerapkan metode fuzzy Mamdani untuk menentukan arah pergerakan motor servo secara otomatis. Nilai delta lux (selisih intensitas cahaya kanan dan kiri) dijadikan input logika fuzzy untuk menghasilkan output perubahan sudut servo yang menggerakkan panel mengikuti arah matahari. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem bekerja akurat dan stabil. Sensor DHT22 mencatat rata-rata error suhu dan kelembapan kurang dari 1%. Sensor INA219 menghasilkan error tegangan sebesar 0,09% dan arus 0,45%. Output fuzzy Mamdani sesuai dengan nilai aktual di ThingSpeak. Panel surya dengan penggerak memiliki rata-rata tegangan 12,75 V dan arus 0,78 A, sedangkan tanpa penggerak lebih rendah. Efisiensi panel dengan penggerak tercatat 38,08%, meningkat 8,21% dibandingkan sistem tanpa penggerak yang hanya 29,87%. Kata kunci: Sistem Tracking, Solar Panel, Fuzzy Mamdani, Internet of Things (IoT).
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