PUTRA, RAKA MAULANA (2025) ANALISIS INTEGRATIF KELAYAKAN DALAM PERENCANAAN SISTEM PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN IOT SEL SURYA (SPAHITS) SEBAGAI MITIGASI KEKERINGAN BERBASIS EKONOMI HIJAU. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The issue of clean water availability in urban areas is becoming increasingly complex due to urbanization, population growth, and the impacts of climate change. This study aims to analyze the planning and implementation of the Solar Cell-Based Internet of Things Rainwater Harvesting System (SPAHITS) as an innovative solution for early drought disaster mitigation and as a support for the green economy concept in educational buildings. A quantitative approach was employed at Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta, incorporating hydrological analysis, SPAHITS design based on the VDI 2221 model, and investment feasibility evaluation. Annual rainfall data were used to calculate rainwater harvesting potential, while clean water demand was determined based on the number of active building users. The results indicate that SPAHITS can harvest up to 224,215.34 m³/year of rainwater, equivalent to 105% of the annual clean water needs of 7,282 users, and reduce PDAM (local water utility) usage by up to 97% during the rainy season. Laboratory tests confirmed compliance with Ministry of Health Regulation No. 32/2017, except for slightly elevated TDS levels (508 mg/L). Other parameters such as pH, turbidity, color, and odor met the required standards. With an initial investment of IDR 244,895,150, the system yields a Return on Investment of 203.9%, Return on Equity of 210.9%, and a Payback Period of 0.33 years. From an economic standpoint, a Benefit Cost Ratio of 17.25, Net Present Value of IDR 4 billion, and Internal Rate of Return of 322% confirm the high financial feasibility of SPAHITS. Furthermore, it provides monthly water cost savings of IDR 59,977,574. The implementation of SPAHITS proves to be not only technically and economically efficient but also supports the achievement of UI GreenMetric indicators in the categories of Water, Energy, Waste, and Education, and is highly replicable for other buildings as a sustainable water conservation effort. Keywords: SPAHITS, Rainwater Harvesting, Internet of Things, Solar Energy, Investment Feasibility Permasalahan ketersediaan air bersih di kawasan perkotaan semakin kompleks akibat urbanisasi, peningkatan populasi, dan dampak perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perencanaan dan implementasi Sistem Pemanenan Air Hujan Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) Sel Surya atau SPAHITS sebagai solusi inovatif pengendalian dini bencana kekeringan sekaligus pendukung konsep ekonomi hijau pada gedung pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan Implementasi di Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta, melalui analisis hidrologi, perancangan desain SPAHITS dengan pendekatan model VDI2221, serta evaluasi kelayakan investasi. Data curah hujan tahunan digunakan untuk menghitung potensi pemanenan air, sedangkan kebutuhan air bersih ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah pengguna aktif gedung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan SPAHITS mampu memanen air hujan hingga 224.215,34 m³/tahun, setara dengan 105% kebutuhan air bersih tahunan untuk 7.282 pengguna aktif, serta mengurangi pemakaian air PDAM hingga 97% pada musim hujan. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan air hujan memenuhi standar Permenkes No. 32/2017, kecuali TDS sedikit melebihi (508 mg/L). Parameter lain seperti pH, kekeruhan, warna, dan bau sesuai standar. Dengan investasi awal sebesar Rp 244.895.150, diperoleh nilai Return on Investment sebesar 203,9%, Return on Equity sebesar 210,9%, dan Payback Period selama 0,33 tahun, sementara aspek ekonomi, nilai Benefit Cost Ratio sebesar 17,25, Net Present Value sebesar Rp 4 miliar, dan Internal Rate of Return sebesar 322% menunjukkan SPAHITS sangat layak secara finansial. Serta memberikan penghematan biaya air sebesar Rp 59.977.574 per bulan. Implementasi SPAHITS terbukti tidak hanya efisien secara teknis dan ekonomis, tetapi juga mendukung pencapaian indikator UI GreenMetric pada kategori Water, Energy, Waste, dan Education, serta dapat direplikasi pada bangunan lain sebagai upaya konservasi air yang berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: SPAHITS, Pemanenan Air Hujan, Internet of Things, Energi Surya, Kelayakan Investasi
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