ANALISIS MODE PEMBUKAAN GOVERNOR VALVE TERHADAP EFISIENSI TURBIN DAN NET PLANT HEAT RATE PLTU KAPASITAS 300 MW

SIDIK, PAJAR (2024) ANALISIS MODE PEMBUKAAN GOVERNOR VALVE TERHADAP EFISIENSI TURBIN DAN NET PLANT HEAT RATE PLTU KAPASITAS 300 MW. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

Steam Power Plant is a type of power plant that uses steam to produce electrical energy. Setting the turbine governor valve opening mode will greatly affect the turbine efficiency and also the net plant heat rate (NPHR). NPHR is one of the performance parameters of state-owned power plants. The annual target for the NPHR value of this PLTU has not been achieved so analysis and improvement is needed to make target is achieved. Apart from that, the lower the NPHR value have more economical the fuel consumption, which also has an impact on reducing the cost of production. In this research, calculations were carried out by comparing 2 different governor valve modes to obtain turbine efficiency and NPHR values. Calculations are carried out in stable conditions with the same load and constant parameters such as: actual load, fuel flow rate, use of auxiliary steam and superheat spray flow. Data collection was carried out repeatedly with the same time intervals in both modes. There are 2 governor valve opening modes, namely single mode and sequence mode. Analysis of turbine efficiency and NPHR values shows that sequence mode is more efficient than single mode at the same load. Sequence mode has an average turbine efficiency value of 77.24 percent. Meanwhile, in single mode the average efficiency value is 65.45 percent. Apart from that, in sequence mode the average NPHR value is smaller with a value of 2705.45 Kcal/Kwh compared to the average NPHR value for singles with a value of 2762.79 Kcal/Kwh. The calculation results show that the efficiency of sequence mode is better than single mode, this could be caused by the throttling losses in single mode being more than sequence mode. Keywords: Steam Power Plant, Governor Valve, Eficiency Turbin, NPHR Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) merupakan salah satu jenis pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan uap untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Pengaturan mode pembukaan katup governor turbin akan sangat mempengaruhi efisiensi turbin dan juga nilai nett plant heat rate (NPHR). NPHR menjadi salah satu parameter kontak kinerja pembangkit milik negara. Target tahunan nilai NPHR PLTU ini tidak tercapai sehingga perlu adanya analisis dan improvement agar target NPHR nya tercapai. Selain itu semakin rendah nilai NPHR semakin irit pula konsumsi bahan bakar yang berdampak juga terhadap turunnya biaya pokok produksi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perhitungan dengan membandingkan 2 mode katup governor yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan nilai efisiensi turbin dan NPHR. Perhitungan dilakukan dalam kondisi stabil dengan pembebanan yang sama dan parameter yang konstan seperti : beban aktual, laju alir bahan bakar, penggunaan auxiliary steam dan aliran spray superheat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara berulang-ulang dengan interval waktu yang sama pada kedua mode tersebut. Terdapat 2 mode pembukaan katup governor, yaitu mode single dan mode sequence. Analisis efisiensi turbin dan nilai NPHR menunjukkan bahwa mode sequence lebih efisien dibandingkan mode single pada beban yang sama. Mode sequence mempunyai nilai efisiensi turbin rata-rata sebesar 77,24 persen. Sedangkan pada mode single rata-rata nilai efisiensinya sebesar 65,45 persen. Selain itu, pada mode sequence rata-rata nilai NPHR lebih kecil dengan nilai 2705,45 Kcal/Kwh dibandingkan rata-rata nilai NPHR pada single dengan nilai 2762,79 Kcal/Kwh. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi mode sequence lebih baik dari mode single, hal tersebut bisa disebabkan oleh rugi rugi throttling pada mode single lebih banyak dibanding mode sequence. Kata Kunci: PLTU, Governor Valve, Efisiensi Turbin, NPHR

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