PASAK, NAFTALI MANU (2026) ANALISIS RESPONS HIDRAULIK DAN HABITAT IKAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN MORFOLOGI SUNGAI PADA DEBIT LINGKUNGAN Q95 DI SUNGAI CITARUM. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The Upper Citarum River, particularly the Dayeuhkolot to Nanjung reach, has undergone extensive normalization since 2018 through the Citarum Harum Program, which has primarily focused on flood control. However, the impact of this morphological modification on the river's hydraulic and ecological conditions during low flow, specifically the Q95 environmental flow, has never been quantified in detail. This study is grounded in the concept of environmental flow, the Q95 dependable discharge derived from the flow duration curve, the Froude number as an indicator of flow regime and natural aeration potential, and an ecohydraulics approach based on hydraulic preference thresholds to assess habitat suitability for Cyprinus carpio (common carp). The study applies a quantitative case study approach through HEC-RAS 1D steady flow hydraulic simulation across 189 cross sections along the approximately 10 km study reach, comparing the existing channel geometry with a targeted bed elevation modification scenario applied to critical cross sections. The data used are secondary data consisting of cross section geometry, historical discharge, and water level records at the Nanjung Station, sourced from the supervisor's dissertation, supplemented with hydraulic preference thresholds for Cyprinus carpio drawn from scientific literature. The results show that elevation modification on 90 of the 189 cross sections (47.6%) reduced the average flow velocity from 0.37 m/s to 0.33 m/s, a decrease of 10.2%. The number of cross sections with critical to supercritical flow regimes increased from 7 to 9, indicating a localized improvement in natural aeration potential. The proportion of cross sections meeting the habitat suitability threshold for Cyprinus carpio increased significantly from 53 cross sections (28.04%) to 90 cross sections (47.62%), a rise of 19.58%. This study concludes that targeted bed geometry modification at critical points measurably improves fish habitat suitability under low flow conditions without altering the overall channel capacity, although improvements in natural aeration remain limited to a local scale. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating quantitative ecological considerations into future normalization planning for the Citarum River. Keywords: River Morphology, Environmental Flow Q95, Froude Number, Fish Habitat Suitability, HEC-RAS Sungai Citarum Hulu, khususnya segmen Dayeuhkolot hingga Nanjung, telah mengalami normalisasi besar-besaran sejak tahun 2018 melalui Program Citarum Harum yang berorientasi utama pada pengendalian banjir. Namun, dampak modifikasi morfologi tersebut terhadap kondisi hidraulik dan ekologis sungai pada kondisi debit rendah, khususnya debit lingkungan Q95, belum pernah dikuantifikasi secara spesifik. Penelitian ini bertumpu pada kajian environmental flow, konsep debit andalan Q95 yang diturunkan dari flow duration curve, bilangan Froude sebagai indikator rezim aliran dan potensi aerasi alami, serta pendekatan ecohydraulics berbasis ambang batas preferensi hidraulik untuk menilai kesesuaian habitat ikan Cyprinus carpio (ikan mas). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan studi kasus, melalui simulasi hidraulik HEC-RAS 1D steady flow pada 189 penampang melintang di sepanjang ruas kajian sejauh kurang lebih 10 km, dengan membandingkan kondisi geometri eksisting terhadap skenario modifikasi elevasi dasar saluran yang dilakukan secara tersasar pada penampang kritis. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder berupa geometri penampang, debit historis, dan tinggi muka air Stasiun Nanjung yang bersumber dari disertasi dosen pembimbing, dilengkapi ambang batas preferensi hidraulik Cyprinus carpio dari literatur ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi elevasi pada 90 dari 189 penampang (47.6%) menurunkan rata-rata kecepatan aliran dari 0.37 m/s menjadi 0.33 m/s atau turun 10.2%. Jumlah penampang dengan rezim kritis hingga superkritis bertambah dari 7 menjadi 9 penampang, menunjukkan perbaikan potensi aerasi yang masih bersifat lokal. Proporsi penampang yang memenuhi ambang batas kesesuaian habitat Cyprinus carpio meningkat signifikan dari 53 penampang (28.04%) menjadi 90 penampang (47.62%), atau naik 19.58%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa modifikasi geometri dasar saluran yang tersasar pada titik kritis mampu memperbaiki kesesuaian habitat ikan secara terukur pada kondisi debit rendah tanpa mengubah kapasitas tampung penampang secara menyeluruh, meskipun perbaikan aerasi alami masih terbatas pada skala lokal. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pertimbangan ekologis kuantitatif dalam perencanaan normalisasi Sungai Citarum ke depannya. Kata Kunci: Morfologi Sungai, Environmental Flow Q95, Bilangan Froude, Kesesuaian Habitat Ikan, HEC-RAS
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) |
|---|---|
| NIM/NIDN Creators: | 41122010083 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Morfologi Sungai, Environmental Flow Q95, Bilangan Froude, Kesesuaian Habitat Ikan, HEC-RAS |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural Science and Mathematics/Ilmu-ilmu Alam dan Matematika > 570 Biology/Biologi, Ilmu Hayat > 571 Physiology/Fisiologi > 571.3 Anatomy and Morphology/Anatomi dan Morfologi 600 Technology/Teknologi > 620 Engineering and Applied Operations/Ilmu Teknik dan operasi Terapan > 624 Civil Engineering/Teknik Sipil 700 Arts/Seni, Seni Rupa, Kesenian > 790 Recreational and Performing Arts/Olah Raga dan Seni Pertunjukan > 799 Fishing, Hunting, Shooting > 799.1 Fishing/Olah Raga Memancing > 799.17 Specific Kinds of Fishes/Jenis Ikan Tertentu |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Sipil |
| Depositing User: | khalimah |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Sep 2026 13:15 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Sep 2026 13:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.mercubuana.ac.id/id/eprint/103676 |
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