SIHITE, ARIF PARNUNUTAN (2026) ANALISIS PERBAIKAN FAKTOR DAYA UNTUK MENGURANGI RUGI - RUGI DAYA PADA UNIT PFC - 33B DI PT. WILMAR NABATI INDONESIA. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The increasing demand for electrical energy in the industrial sector has led to the extensive use of high-power equipment dominated by inductive loads, such as electric motors and Motor Control Center (MCC) panels, resulting in a decrease in the power factor of electrical power distribution systems. A low power factor causes an increase in system current, higher power losses in the network, voltage quality degradation, and increased transformer loading, which may affect the operational reliability of industrial equipment designed to operate at a nominal voltage of 400 VAC with a tolerance of ±10%. This study aims to analyze the power factor condition of the electrical power distribution system of transformer 33B at PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia and to determine the optimal capacitor bank capacity required for reactive power compensation. The research method employed is a power system simulation using ETAP software through load flow analysis based on existing system data. Simulation results indicate that under initial conditions, the outgoing side of transformer 33B had a power factor of 83.12%, transformer loading of 92.70%, system current of 2142 A, and voltage of 381 V. These conditions reflect the dominance of inductive loads, leading to high apparent power and operation close to the transformer loading limit. Based on the simulation of adding a 700 kVAR capacitor bank, the power factor increased to 96.82%, transformer loading decreased to 79.90%, system current was reduced to 1851 A, and the voltage increased to 390 V, approaching the nominal voltage level. The reduction in system current contributes to decreased power losses and improved distribution system efficiency. Based on the results of this simulation analysis, it can be concluded that the addition of a 700 kVAR capacitor bank is effective in improving the power factor, enhancing voltage quality, reducing transformer loading, and increasing the reliability of the electrical power distribution system; therefore, it is feasible to recommend its implementation on the outgoing electrical system of transformer 33B at PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia. Keywords: power factor, capacitor bank, reactive power, ETAP, load flow, power quality Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik pada sektor industri mendorong penggunaan peralatan berdaya besar yang didominasi oleh beban induktif, seperti motor listrik dan panel Motor Control Center (MCC), yang berdampak pada penurunan faktor daya sistem distribusi tenaga listrik. Faktor daya yang rendah menyebabkan meningkatnya arus sistem, rugi-rugi daya pada jaringan, penurunan kualitas tegangan, serta meningkatnya pembebanan transformator yang dapat memengaruhi keandalan operasi peralatan industri yang dirancang bekerja pada tegangan nominal 400 VAC dengan toleransi ±10%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi faktor daya pada sistem distribusi tenaga listrik transformator - 33B di PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia serta menentukan kebutuhan kapasitor bank yang optimal sebagai kompensasi daya reaktif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah simulasi sistem tenaga listrik menggunakan perangkat lunak ETAP dengan studi aliran daya (load flow anaysis) berdasarkan data eksisting sistem. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi awal, faktor daya pada sisi outgoing transformator 33B sebesar 83,12% dengan pembebanan transformator mencapai 92,70%, arus sistem sebesar 2142 A, dan tegangan sebesar 381 V. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan dominasi beban induktif yang menyebabkan tingginya daya semu dan mendekati batas pembebanan transformator. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi penambahan kapasitor bank sebesar 700 kVAR, faktor daya meningkat menjadi 96,82%, pembebanan transformator menurun menjadi 79,90%, arus sistem berkurang menjadi 1851 A, serta tegangan meningkat menjadi 390 V yang lebih mendekati tegangan nominal. Penurunan arus sistem tersebut berkontribusi terhadap berkurangnya rugi-rugi daya dan meningkatnya efisiensi sistem distribusi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis simulasi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan kapasitor bank sebesar 700 kVAR efektif dalam memperbaiki faktor daya, meningkatkan kualitas tegangan, menurunkan pembebanan transformator, serta meningkatkan keandalan sistem distribusi tenaga listrik, sehingga layak direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan pada sistem kelistrikan outgoing transformator 33B PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia. Kata kunci: aliran daya, daya reaktif, ETAP, faktor daya, kualitas daya.
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