ALANSJAH, BENI (2025) PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM DENGAN VARIABEL MODERASI KINERJA LINGKUNGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR ENERGI. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity, profitability, leverage, and firm size on stock returns, with environmental performance as a moderating variable, in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2024 period. The research employs a panel data regression approach using secondary data from annual financial reports and the PROPER index issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry as a proxy for environmental performance. The results reveal that only leverage has a significant negative effect on stock returns, consistent with the theory that higher debt increases investor risk. However, liquidity, profitability, and firm size show no significant effect, contradicting classical theories suggesting that strong financial conditions and larger firms should enhance returns. Similarly, environmental performance does not have a significant direct effect on stock returns, although sustainability practices are theoretically expected to be valued by the market. Interestingly, the interaction between leverage and environmental performance shows a significant positive effect, indicating that good environmental practices can mitigate the negative impact of leverage on stock returns. These findings highlight a gap between theoretical expectations and empirical evidence, while also emphasizing the importance of integrating sustainability into corporate financial strategies in the energy sector. Keywords: Stock Returns, Liquidity, Profitability, Leverage, Firm Size, Environmental Performance Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas, profitabilitas, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap return saham, dengan kinerja lingkungan sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan sektor energi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2019–2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan dan skor PROPER dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya leverage yang berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap return saham, sesuai dengan teori yang menyatakan bahwa tingginya utang meningkatkan risiko investor. Namun, hasil untuk likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan tidak signifikan, berbeda dengan teori klasik yang mengasumsikan bahwa kondisi keuangan sehat dan ukuran perusahaan besar akan meningkatkan return. Kinerja lingkungan juga tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara langsung terhadap return saham, meskipun secara teoretis praktik keberlanjutan seharusnya diapresiasi pasar. Menariknya, interaksi antara leverage dan kinerja lingkungan berpengaruh positif signifikan, yang menunjukkan bahwa praktik lingkungan yang baik mampu mengurangi dampak negatif leverage terhadap return saham. Temuan ini menegaskan adanya ketidaksesuaian teori dengan bukti empiris serta pentingnya integrasi faktor keberlanjutan dalam strategi keuangan perusahaan energi. Kata Kunci: Return Saham, Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kinerja Lingkungan
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