RACHMANDA, ADITYA CATHUR (2025) SOLAR TRACKER DUAL AXIS BERBASIS ARDUINO DENGAN METODE FUZZY MAMDANI. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
With the increasing demand for energy, better use of solar energy is needed. Static panels are often positioned at the wrong angle to the sun, resulting in less power being generated. To ensure that the panels always face the light source, this study designed and implemented a two-axis solar tracker based on Arduino with a Mamdani Fuzzy controller. Four LDR sensors (top, bottom, left, and right) were used as system inputs. Two servos functioned as actuators for the azimuth and elevation axes, and the system used a one-input one-output fuzzy control scheme per axis. Testing was conducted indoors (basic functions/light direction response) and outdoors (from 07:00 to 17:00 WIB), with recording of electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power. The results show stable tracking with angle constraints posHor ∈ [0,180] and posVer ∈ [25,165]. Additionally, compared to static panels, this panel has better electrical performance. In the field test scenario, the tracker recorded a peak power of 8.4 W (compared to 7.0 W for the static panel) and daily energy of 38.2 Wh (compared to 31.5 Wh), equivalent to a 21% increase. Depending on mechanical conditions, weather, and sensor placement, the reported improvement range is between 15 and 25% on sunny days. Limitations include the non-use of the dE channel, error normalization, MPPT, and Internet of Things integration. Signal normalization and filtering, deadband/hysteresis, addition of the dE channel, separate servo power supply, multi-day energy validation, and separate servo power supply are development recommendations. Keywords: solar energy tracker, dual-axis, Arduino, Fuzzy Mamdani, LDR, servo, and LDR. Dengan permintaan energi yang terus meningkat, diperlukan penggunaan energi surya yang lebih baik. Panel statis sering berada di sudut yang salah terhadap sinar, sehingga daya yang dihasilkan kurang. Untuk memastikan bahwa panel selalu menghadap sumber cahaya, penelitian ini merancang dan mengimplementasikan pelacak solar dua sumbu berbasis Arduino dengan pengendali Fuzzy Mamdani. Empat sensor LDR (atas, bawah, kiri, dan kanan) digunakan sebagai masukan sistem. Dua servo berfungsi sebagai aktuator untuk azimuth dan elevasi sumbu, dan sistem menggunakan skema kontrol fuzzy satu input satu output per sumbu. Pengujian dilakukan secara "indoor" (fungsi dasar/respons arah cahaya) dan "outdoor" (dari 07.00 hingga 17.00 WIB), dengan pencatatan parameter listrik seperti tegangan, arus, dan daya. Hasil menunjukkan pelacakan yang stabil dengan pembatasan sudut posHor ∈ [0,180] dan posVer ∈ [25,165]. Selain itu, dibandingkan dengan panel statis, panel ini memiliki kinerja listrik yang lebih baik. Pada skenario uji lapangan, tracker mencatat daya puncak 8,4 W (dibandingkan 7,0 W statis) dan energi harian 38,2 Wh (dibandingkan 31,5 Wh), setara peningkatan 21%. Tergantung pada kondisi mekanik, cuaca, dan penempatan sensor, rentang peningkatan dilaporkan antara 15 dan 25% pada hari cerah. Keterbatasan termasuk belum digunakannya kanal dE, normalisasi error, MPPT, dan integrasi Internet of Things. Normalisasi dan filtrasi sinyal, deadband/histeresis, penambahan kanal dE, pasokan daya servo terpisah, validasi energi multi-hari, dan pasokan daya servo terpisah adalah rekomendasi pengembangan. Kata kunci: pelacak energi surya, dual-axis, Arduino, Fuzzy Mamdani, LDR, servo, dan LDR.
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