ISA A'RAAF, ISA A'RAAF (2025) ANALISIS KOMPONEN MESIN PENIMBANGAN DIGITAL DENGAN SENSOR LOAD CELL, MOTOR STEPPER, DAN SISTEM KONTROL PID PADA BAHAN BAKU. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the performance of a digital weighing system that integrates a load cell sensor, stepper motor, and PID controller to improve the accuracy and efficiency of raw material measurement in industrial processes. The system was designed using a microcontroller platform and tested with weight variations ranging from 50g to 1.000g, with each load tested three times. Calibration was carried out using standard reference weights prior to experimentation. Data collected included measurement error, time to reach the setpoint, weight stability, and material usage efficiency. The results showed that the system achieved more than 98% accuracy, with an error range between -0,4% and +0,3%, and a stable deviation of ±0,2g during a 60- second observation period. Implementation of the PID controller with parameter tuning values of Kp 2,5, Ki 0,8, and Kd 0,4 resulted in a fast and stable response, with an average setpoint reaching time of less than 1 second, overshoot of 0,3g, settling time of 3,3 seconds, and a steady-state error of 0,015g. The system also demonstrated improved material efficiency, with a reduction of raw material usage by up to 16,5% compared to the manual system. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the developed digital weighing system is capable of delivering accurate, fast, and efficient performance, and has the potential to be further developed for large-scale industrial applications through hardware upgrades and integration with monitoring systems. Keywords: Load cell, PID, stepper motor, digital weighing, overshoot, response time, accuracy Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kinerja sistem penimbangan digital yang terdiri dari sensor load cell, motor stepper, dan pengendali PID dalam meningkatkan akurasi dan efisiensi proses penimbangan bahan baku di lingkungan industri. Sistem dirancang menggunakan platform mikrokontroler dan diuji dengan variasi beban 50g hingga 1.000g dengan tiga kali pengulangan untuk setiap titik pengujian. Kalibrasi dilakukan terhadap beban standar sebelum eksperimen dilakukan. Data yang diambil meliputi nilai error pembacaan, waktu pencapaian setpoint, kestabilan berat, serta efisiensi penggunaan bahan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mencapai tingkat akurasi lebih dari 98% dengan error antara -0,4% hingga +0,3% dan deviasi pembacaan berada dalam kisaran ±0,2g selama periode pengujian 60 detik. Implementasi kontrol PID dengan konfigurasi parameter Kp 2,5, Ki 0,8, dan Kd 0,4 menghasilkan respon sistem yang cepat dan stabil dengan rata-rata waktu pencapaian setpoint kurang dari 1 detik, overshoot sebesar 0,3g, settling time 3,3 detik, dan steadystate error sebesar 0,015g. Sistem juga menunjukkan peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan bahan hingga 16,5% dibanding sistem manual. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem penimbangan digital yang dibangun mampu memberikan performa yang andal, akurat, dan efisien, serta berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam skala industri yang lebih besar dengan peningkatan pada perangkat keras dan integrasi sistem monitoring. Kata kunci: Load cell, PID, motor stepper, penimbangan digital, overshoot, waktu respon, akurasi.
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