A'YUN, ALISA QURRATA (2025) EVALUASI KINERJA TEKNO-EKONOMI DAN EMISI KARBON PADA DESAIN SISTEM MICROGRID (PLTS - BESS - DIESEL GENERATOR) MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI CYCLE CHARGING DAN LOAD FOLLOWING. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The increasing demand for electricity, coupled with the dominance of coalbased power plants, underscores the urgency of transitioning toward clean and sustainable energy systems. In Indonesia, approximately 80% of power generation still relies on coal, which contributes significantly to carbon emissions and faces limitations in resource reserves. One strategic solution to reduce emissions while enhancing supply reliability is the development of hybrid microgrid systems based on Renewable Energy Sources (RES), particularly Solar Photovoltaic (PV) integrated with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Diesel Generator (DG), especially in remote mining areas that are not connected to the main electricity grid. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a hybrid PV–BESS–DG microgrid under two operational strategies: Load Following (LF) and Cycle Charging (CC). The modelling was conducted using HOMER Pro software, employing actual operational data from a mining site in Melak, East Kalimantan. The analysis covers technical and economic parameters, including Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), fuel consumption, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), payback period, and carbon emissions reduction. The simulation results indicate that the LF strategy delivers the most superior performance, achieving an NPC of IDR 568.89 billion, an LCOE of IDR 4,928/kWh, and up to a 23% reduction in carbon emissions compared to the full DG scenario. Furthermore, this strategy yields higher fuel efficiency, the shortest payback period of 1.47 years, and the highest IRR of 65.6%. The findings confirm that the LF strategy is technically feasible, economically efficient, and aligned with national decarbonization targets. Implementing the LF approach positions PV as the primary energy source, with BESS serving as a backup that is optimally operated to minimize storage cycling stress without compromising system reliability. Keywords: Hybrid microgrid, Load Following, Cycle Charging, PLTS, BESS, Diesel Generator, HOMER Pro, carbon emissions, energy efficiency. Kebutuhan energi listrik yang terus meningkat serta dominasi pembangkit berbasis batu bara mendorong pentingnya transisi menuju energi bersih dan berkelanjutan. Di Indonesia, sekitar 80% pembangkit listrik masih menggunakan batu bara, yang menyumbang emisi karbon signifikan dan memiliki keterbatasan cadangan. Salah satu solusi strategis untuk mengurangi emisi dan meningkatkan keandalan pasokan adalah pengembangan sistem microgrid hybrid berbasis Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT), khususnya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) yang dikombinasikan dengan Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) dan Diesel Generator (DG), terutama di sektor pertambangan terpencil yang belum terjangkau jaringan listrik utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja sistem microgrid hibrida PLTS–BESS–DG dengan dua strategi operasi, yaitu Load Following (LF) dan Cycle Charging (CC). Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak HOMER Pro dengan menggunakan data operasional aktual dari lokasi tambang di Melak, Kalimantan Timur. Analisis mencakup parameter teknis dan ekonomi, meliputi Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), konsumsi bahan bakar, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), dan periode pengembalian investasi (payback period), serta pengurangan emisi karbon. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa strategi LF memberikan kinerja paling unggul dengan NPC sebesar Rp 568,89 miliar, LCOE Rp 4.928/kWh, serta pengurangan emisi karbon hingga 23% dibandingkan skenario full DG. Selain itu, strategi ini menghasilkan efisiensi bahan bakar yang lebih tinggi, payback period tercepat sebesar 1,47 tahun, dan IRR tertinggi mencapai 65,6%. Hasil kajian ini menegaskan bahwa strategi LF merupakan opsi yang layak secara teknis, efisien secara ekonomi, dan sejalan dengan target dekarbonisasi nasional. Implementasi sistem dengan LF memposisikan PLTS sebagai sumber energi utama, sementara BESS berfungsi sebagai cadangan yang dioperasikan secara optimal untuk meminimalkan beban siklus penyimpanan tanpa mengorbankan keandalan sistem. Kata kunci: Microgrid hybrid, Load Following, Cycle Charging, PLTS, BESS, Diesel Generator, HOMER Pro, emisi karbon, efisiensi energi.
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