SAPUTRA, IFAN WAHYU (2025) RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING RANGKAIAN DISTRIBUSI LISTRIK TEGANGAN RENDAH BERBASIS IOT. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Disruptions in low-voltage electrical distribution systems, such as voltage drops and sags, are common issues that can damage equipment and cause operational losses. To enhance the reliability of power distribution, a real-time monitoring and control system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is essential. This study aims to design and develop an IoT-based electrical distribution monitoring system using the PZEM-004T sensor to measure voltage, current, and frequency parameters. The system also features instant notifications and remote control capabilities via the Telegram platform. The system architecture is built around the ESP32 microcontroller, which serves as the central processing and communication hub. A local user interface is implemented using a TFT LCD with LVGL (Light and Versatile Graphics Library), offering real-time data visualization and an interactive display. Sensor data is transmitted via MQTT protocol to a ThingsBoard dashboard for cloud monitoring. Simultaneously, a Telegram bot is integrated to provide instant alerts during electrical anomalies (e.g., abnormal voltage or current) and to enable users to control system actions such as load disconnection or system reset through Telegram commands. Test results show that the system can detect voltage and current changes with an average error rate of less than 1% compared to standard measurement tools. Data transmission to both ThingsBoard and Telegram is fast and reliable, with a communication success rate exceeding 99% during tests. The Telegrambased control feature also functions effectively, allowing users to respond quickly and efficiently to distribution issues. These findings demonstrate that integrating IoT technology with LVGL visualization and Telegram bot control offers an effective and cost-efficient solution for real-time, integrated low-voltage distribution monitoring. Keywords: Internet of Things, Electrical Distribution, PZEM-004T, ESP32, Telegram Bot, LVGL, MQTT, ThingsBoard Gangguan pada sistem distribusi listrik tegangan rendah seperti drop voltage (penurunan tegangan) dan voltage sags (kedip tegangan) sering terjadi dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan peralatan serta kerugian operasional. Untuk meningkatkan keandalan distribusi listrik, diperlukan sistem monitoring dan kontrol berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang mampu memberikan data real-time dan notifikasi instan saat terjadi gangguan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengembangkan sistem monitoring distribusi listrik berbasis IoT menggunakan sensor PZEM-004T untuk membaca parameter tegangan, arus, dan frekuensi, serta dilengkapi fitur notifikasi dan kontrol jarak jauh melalui platform Telegram. Sistem yang dibangun menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai pusat pengolahan dan komunikasi data. Antarmuka pengguna lokal ditampilkan melalui LCD TFT berbasis LVGL (Light and Versatile Graphics Library), yang menampilkan data secara real-time dan visual yang interaktif. Data yang dikirim melalui protokol MQTT ditampilkan pada dashboard ThingsBoard untuk pemantauan cloud, serta dikombinasikan dengan bot Telegram yang berfungsi sebagai media notifikasi otomatis ketika terjadi anomali (tegangan/arus abnormal), sekaligus memungkinkan pengguna untuk melakukan kontrol sistem seperti reset atau pemutusan beban langsung melalui perintah Telegram. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mendeteksi perubahan tegangan dan arus dengan akurasi rata-rata di bawah eror 1% dibandingkan alat ukur standar. Respons pengiriman data ke ThingsBoard dan Telegram tergolong cepat, dengan tingkat keberhasilan komunikasi di atas 99% selama pengujian. Fitur kontrol melalui Telegram juga bekerja sesuai perintah, memberikan fleksibilitas dan efisiensi dalam penanganan gangguan sistem distribusi. Sistem ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi teknologi IoT dengan visualisasi LVGL dan kontrol Telegram merupakan solusi efektif dan ekonomis untuk monitoring distribusi listrik tegangan rendah secara terintegrasi dan realtime Kata Kunci: Internet of Things, Distribusi Listrik, PZEM-004T, ESP32, Telegram Bot, LVGL, MQTT, ThingsBoard
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