SANTOSO, KUKUH AJI (2025) ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI RPM DAN SUHU KABIN TERHADAP KINERJA DAN EFISIENSI KOMPRESOR AC MOBIL SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MAINTENANCE. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The air conditioning (AC) system in vehicles plays a vital role in maintaining thermal comfort, especially in tropical regions such as Indonesia, where cabin temperatures tend to be high. The performance of the compressor, as the main component of the AC system, is highly influenced by engine speed (RPM) and cabin temperature, and can deteriorate due to mechanical wear, lubricant degradation, and refrigerant circuit contamination. This study aims to analyze the effect of RPM variation and cabin temperature on the performance and efficiency of an automotive AC compressor before and after maintenance on a Toyota Corolla Altis using R134a refrigerant. Tests were conducted at three RPM levels (1300, 1700, and 2000 rpm) and three initial cabin temperatures (30°C, 31°C, and 32°C), with measured parameters including suction and discharge pressures, compressor power consumption, time to reach a cabin temperature of 22°C, enthalpy change (Δh), and isentropic efficiency (ηₛ). The results show that before maintenance, Δh ranged from 26.87 to 29.67 kJ/kg with ηₛ between 66.8% and 82.6%, whereas after maintenance, Δh decreased to 12.84–13.79 kJ/kg and ηₛ increased to 83.4%– 88.1%. Maintenance actions, including refrigerant circuit cleaning, compressor oil replacement, and refrigerant recharging, reduced compressor power consumption from 122.4 W to 99.6 W and shortened cabin cooling time by up to 4 minutes. These findings demonstrate that regular maintenance can improve efficiency, stabilize operating pressures, and optimize the performance of a vehicle’s AC system. Keywords: automotive AC, compressor, isentropic efficiency, enthalpy change, RPM, cabin temperature, maintenance. Sistem pendingin udara (AC) pada kendaraan memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kenyamanan termal, terutama di wilayah beriklim tropis seperti Indonesia yang memiliki suhu kabin tinggi. Kinerja kompresor sebagai komponen utama AC sangat dipengaruhi oleh putaran mesin (RPM) dan suhu kabin, serta dapat menurun akibat keausan mekanis, degradasi pelumas, dan kontaminasi jalur refrigeran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi RPM dan suhu kabin terhadap kinerja serta efisiensi kompresor AC mobil sebelum dan sesudah perawatan (maintenance) pada Toyota Corolla Altis dengan refrigeran R134a. Pengujian dilakukan pada tiga variasi RPM (1300, 1700, dan 2000 rpm) dan tiga suhu kabin awal (30°C, 31°C, dan 32°C) dengan parameter pengukuran meliputi tekanan hisap dan buang, konsumsi daya listrik, waktu pencapaian suhu kabin 22°C, perubahan entalpi (Δh), dan efisiensi isentropik (ηₛ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum maintenance, Δh berada pada kisaran 26,87–29,67 kJ/kg dengan ηₛ 66,8–82,6%, sedangkan setelah maintenance Δh menurun menjadi 12,84–13,79 kJ/kg dan ηₛ meningkat menjadi 83,4–88,1%. Tindakan maintenance yang meliputi pembersihan jalur sirkulasi, penggantian oli kompresor, dan pengisian ulang refrigeran menurunkan konsumsi daya kompresor dari 122,4 W menjadi 99,6 W serta mempercepat pendinginan kabin hingga 4 menit lebih cepat. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa perawatan berkala mampu meningkatkan efisiensi, menstabilkan tekanan kerja, dan mengoptimalkan performa sistem AC kendaraan. Kata kunci: AC mobil, kompresor, efisiensi isentropik, perubahan entalpi, RPM, suhu kabin, maintenance.
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