AZIZI, M (2025) PENGEMBANGAN MATERIAL KOMPOSIT SERAT LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN METODE HOT PRESS PADA BLOK REM KERETA API. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
This research aims to develop a composite material based on coconut husk fiber waste using the hot press method as an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative for railway brake blocks. Variations in fiber volume fraction (60%, 65%, and 70%) and processing temperatures (160°C, 170°C, and 180°C) were tested to examine their effects on mechanical properties, including tensile strength (ASTM D3039), hardness (Shore D), and coefficient of friction. The results showed that the specimen with 60% fiber composition and 180°C processing temperature delivered the best performance, achieving a tensile strength of 27.85 MPa, hardness of 88.4 HRR, and a coefficient of friction of 0.22. These values meet or closely approach the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 8832:2019) for railway brake blocks, particularly in terms of hardness and friction coefficient. Microstructural analysis of the optimal specimen revealed strong fiber– matrix bonding and homogeneous fiber distribution. Regression and ANOVA analyses confirmed that both temperature and fiber fraction significantly influenced the mechanical properties. This study concludes that coconut husk fiber has high potential as an alternative brake block material, offering environmental benefits, cost efficiency, and excellent wear resistance. Keywords: Advanced Materials, Railway, Brake Block, Coconut Husk, Natural Composite Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan material komposit berbahan dasar serat limbah sabut kelapa dengan metode hot press sebagai alternatif blok rem kereta api yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Variasi fraksi volume serat (60%, 65%, dan 70%) serta suhu proses (160°C, 170°C, dan 180°C) diuji untuk mengetahui pengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik material, meliputi uji tarik (ASTM D3039), uji kekerasan (Shore D), dan uji koefisien gesek. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa spesimen dengan komposisi 60% serat dan suhu 180°C menghasilkan performa terbaik, dengan nilai kekuatan tarik sebesar 27,85 MPa, kekerasan 88,4 HRR, dan koefisien gesek sebesar 0,22. Nilai-nilai ini mendekati dan sebagian memenuhi standar SNI 8832:2019 untuk blok rem kereta api, khususnya pada parameter kekerasan dan koefisien gesek. Struktur mikro pada spesimen terbaik menunjukkan ikatan serat-matriks yang baik serta distribusi serat yang homogen. Analisis regresi dan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa variasi suhu dan fraksi serat memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat mekanik komposit. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa serat sabut kelapa berpotensi tinggi sebagai bahan alternatif dalam pembuatan blok rem, dengan keunggulan ramah lingkungan, ekonomis, dan tahan aus. Kata Kunci : Material Maju, Kereta api, Blok Rem, Sabut kelapa, Komposit Alami.
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