WIDANTA, ADNAN HANIF (2025) EVALUASI NILAI INDIKATOR UTAMA BERDASARKAN TES KINERJA PADA MESIN 18V46 DI UNIT 4 PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA DIESEL (PLTD) SENAYAN 101 MW. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The reliability and efficiency of power generation units is an absolute must to maintain. Several main indicators for assessing the reliability and efficiency of power plants are the heat rate value, specific fuel consumption (SFC) value, and the thermal efficiency value of the generating unit. These three things can reflect the performance, reliability and efficiency of the generating unit. If the three main indicators have good values, the unit's performance will be good, and vice versa. As in the case of unit 4 of the Senayan diesel power plant (PLTD). In several engine starting histories, unit 4 PLTD Senayan experienced several failures to start. Apart from that, there are parameters such as lubricating oil pressure and fuel pressure whose values exceed the manufacturer's specification limits. Based on this, a performance test of the generating unit is required. Performance tests are carried out by holding the unit's operating load at certain time intervals. Along with the performance test, it is also necessary to evaluate the value of the main indicators of the reliability of the generating unit. The indicators evaluated are the heat rate value, SFC value, and unit thermal efficiency value. The evaluation method carried out is testing the generating unit under load variations: technical minimum load (TML) (6.48 MW), 50% load (8.14 MW), 75% load (12.46 MW), and 100% load ( net capable power/DMN). Data collection on TML load, 50% load and 75% load was carried out for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, at 100% load (DMN), data collection is carried out for 1 hour. The results obtained in the research include: the lowest heat rate value was obtained when the engine was operating at 75% load, with a heat rate value of 2,115.89 kcal/kWh. Then the lowest SFC value is obtained when the unit operates at 75% load with an SFC value of 0.235 L/kWh. The highest thermal efficiency value also occurs when the load is 75%, namely 40.64%. Meanwhile, the highest heat rate value was obtained when TML was loaded, namely 2,465.54 kcal/kWh. Then the lowest thermal efficiency value was obtained when the loading was 50%, with a thermal efficiency value of 37.26%. Keywords: heat rate, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, performance test, diesel engine power plant. Keandalan dan efisiensi unit pembangkit listrik adalah hal yang mutlak untuk dijaga. Beberapa indikator utama untuk menilai keandalan dan efisiensi pembangkit listrik adalah nilai heat rate, nilai specific fuel consumption (SFC), dan nilai efisiensi termal unit pembangkit. Ketiga hal tersebut dapat mencerminkan kinerja, keandalan, dan efisiensi dari unit pembangkit. Apabila ketiga indikator utama tersebut nilainya baik, kinerja unit pun baik, begitu pula sebaliknya. Seperti pada kasus di unit 4 pembangkit listrik tenaga diesel (PLTD) Senayan. Pada beberapa riwayat start engine, unit 4 PLTD Senayan beberapa kali mengalami gagal start. Selain itu terdapat parameter seperti tekanan oli pelumas dan tekanan bahan bakar yang nilainya melampaui batas spesifikasi pabrikan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diperlukan adanya tes kinerja unit pembangkit. Tes kinerja dilakukan dengan menahan beban operasi unit pada selang waktu tertentu. Seiringan dengan tes kinerja, diperlukan juga evaluasi nilai indikator utama keandalan unit pembangkit. Indikator yang dievaluasi adalah nilai heat rate, nilai SFC, dan nilai efisiensi termal unit. Metode evaluasi yang dilakukan adalah pengujian unit pembangkit pada variasi beban: technical minimum load (TML) (6,48 MW), beban 50% (8,14 MW), beban 75% (12,46 MW), dan beban 100% (daya mampu neto/ DMN). Pengambilan data pada beban TML, beban 50%, dan beban 75% dilakukan selama 30 menit. Sementara pada beban 100% (DMN) pengambilan data dilakukan selama 1 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian antara lain: nilai heat rate paling rendah didapat ketika engine beroperasi pada beban 75%, dengan nilai heat rate 2.115, 89 kcal/kWh. Kemudian nilai SFC paling rendah didapat ketika unit beroperasi pada beban 75% dengan nilai SFC sebesar 0,235 L/kWh. Nilai efisiensi termal tertinggi juga terjadi saat pembebanan 75% yakni sebesar 40,64%. Sedangkan nilai heat rate tertinggi didapat ketika pembebanan TML, yakni sebesar 2.465, 54 kcal/kWh. Kemudian nilai efisiensi termal paling rendah didapat ketika pembebanan 50%, dengan nilai efisiensi termal sebesar 37,26%. Kata Kunci: Heat rate, specific fuel consumption, efisiensi termal, tes kinerja, pembangkit listrik tenaga diesel
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