ANALISIS PENGARUH KERUSAKAN WEARING TERHADAP PERFORMA POMPA SENTRIFUGAL PADA PROSES TRANSFER SODA ASH

RIFAI, MOH SAHAL (2024) ANALISIS PENGARUH KERUSAKAN WEARING TERHADAP PERFORMA POMPA SENTRIFUGAL PADA PROSES TRANSFER SODA ASH. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

Pump is a mechanical device used to move liquid from a low place to a higher place, in general pumps are classified into two, namely positive displacement pumps and non-positive discplacement pumps. Centrifugal pumps are classified from non-positive discpalcement pumps, which work to move fluids from one place to another, by converting mechanical energy into kinetic energy. Centrifugal pumps have major components, such as casings, shafts, bearings, couplings and impellers. For closed impeller type centrifugal pumps, there is a wearing component that functions as a gap between the impeller and the casing so that it does not touch when operating. The size of the wearing gap can affect the performance of centrifugal pumps. Damage to wearing can be caused by mechanical damage, corrosion, cavitation and fatigue. Losses resulting from wearing damage include: decreased flow discharge, flow pressure and decreased pump efficiency. Thus, this study analyzed the problem to determine the performance of centrifugal pumps before and after repairs to wearing components. The data parameters used are pump head, pressure, pump hydraulic power, electric motor power and centrifugal pump efficiency. Data collection and analysis were carried out before and after repairs to the wearing component. The series of data retrieval starts from preparation, testing and then data retrieval and analysis. Based on data collection before repairs with a clearance wearing of 1.2 mm, an average efficiency value of 8.5%, a flow discharge of 0.000646 m³/s, then data collection after repairs with a clearance wearing of 0.43 mm, an increase in the average efficiency value to 15.5%, a flow discharge of 0.000932 m³/s. Pompa adalah suatu alat mekanik yang digunakan untuk memindahkan cairan dari suatu tempat yang rendah ke tempat yang lebih tinggi, secara umum pompa diklasifikasikan menjadi dua, yaitu positive displacement pump dan non positive discplacement pump. Pompa sentrifugal termasuk klasifikasi dari non positive discpalcement pump, yang bekerja memindahkan fluida dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain, dengan cara mengubah energi mekanik menjadi energi kinetik. Pompa sentrifugal memiliki komponen utama, seperti casing, shaft, bearing, coupling dan impeller. Untuk pompa sentrifugal tipe impeller tertutup, terdapat komponen wearing yang berfungsi sebagai celah antara impeller dan casing agar tidak bersentuhan saat beroperasi. Besarnya celah wearing dapat berpengaruh terhadap performa pompa sentrifugal. Kerusakan pada wearing dapat disebabkan oleh kerusakan mekanis, korosi, kavitasi dan fatigue. Kerugian yang diakibatkan dari kerusakan wearing meliputi : penurunan debit aliran, tekanan aliran dan penurunan efisiensi pompa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis masalah kerusakan wearing pada performa pompa sentrifugal sebelum dan sesudah perbaikan pada komponen wearing. Parameter data yang digunakan adalah head pompa, tekanan, daya hidrolis pompa, daya motor listrik dan efisiensi pompa sentrifugal. Pengambilan dan analisis data dilakukan pada saat sebelum dan sesudah perbaikan pada komponen wearing. Rangkaian pengambilan data dimulai dari persiapan, pengujian lalu pengambilan dan analisis data. Berdasarkan pengambilan data sebelum perbaikan dengan clearance wearing sebesar 1.2 mm , nilai efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 8.5 %, debit aliran sebesar 0.000646 m³/s, lalu pengambilan data setelah perbaikan dengan clearance wearing sebesar 0.43 mm, didapatkan kenaikan nilai efisiensi rata-rata menjadi 15.5 %, debit aliran sebesar 0.000932 m³/s.

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