DETERMINAN KINERJA PETANI KELAPA SAWIT MELALUI PRODUKTIVITAS BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA

SUPRIATNA, JAJANG (2024) DETERMINAN KINERJA PETANI KELAPA SAWIT MELALUI PRODUKTIVITAS BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA. S3 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

Palm oil is a crucial commodity for the production of vegetable oil, with Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand as the main producers. Palm oil productivity in smallholder plantations in Indonesia is low, approximately 17% lower compared to state-owned and private plantations, due to suboptimal management and limited farmer competence. This study involved 757 respondents from approximately 5000 farmers representing four provinces in Indonesia (Riau, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and Bangka-Belitung Islands), exploring the influence of farmer competence, social capital, institutions, and sustainable productivity on the performance of palm oil farmers. The analysis methods included Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) for sustainability analysis by RAPFISH, Partial Least Square (PLS) for variable relationships by SmartPLS version 3.2.9, and Analytical Network Process (ANP) for policy priorities by Super Decisions version 3.2.0. The results of the sustainability analysis indicated that the average value of the sustainability index is less sustainable. PLS analysis showed that farmer competence indirectly affects performance through sustainable productivity. Social capital and institutions positively influence performance and sustainable productivity. Sustainable productivity also enhances farmer performance. The PLS model indicates that improving farmer competence through planting knowledge, strengthening social capital through shared norms and values, and strong institutional support can improve productivity and farmer performance. Additionally, the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices and active participation in the community are vital to sustainability and high performance. Institutions were identified as the top priority to improve the sustainable performance of palm oil farmers in terms of governance indicators. This study improves the performance model of oil palm farmers with predictors of farmer competency, social capital, institutions, and sustainable productivity. Using integrated analysis of MDS, PLS, and ANP, this study produces more reliable recommendations. In addition, a strategic policy model is formulated to improve human resources and productivity of oil palm farmers. Keywords: Palm oil productivity, Farmer competency, Social capital, Sustainable agriculture, Institutional support Kelapa sawit adalah komoditi penting penghasil minyak nabati dengan Indonesia dan Malaysia sebagai produsen utama. Produktivitas kelapa sawit di perkebunan rakyat Indonesia rendah, sekitar 17% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perkebunan milik negara dan swasta, disebabkan oleh pengelolaan yang tidak optimal dan kompetensi petani yang terbatas. Penelitian ini melibatkan 757 responden dari ±5000 petani yang mewakili empat provinsi di Indonesia, yaitu Riau, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung, mengeksplorasi pengaruh kompetensi petani, modal sosial, institusi, dan produktivitas berkelanjutan terhadap kinerja petani kelapa sawit. Metode analisis meliputi Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) untuk analisis keberlanjutan menggunakan RAPFISH, Partial Least Square (PLS) untuk hubungan variabel menggunakan SmartPLS versi 3.2.9, dan Analytical Network Process (ANP) untuk kebijakan prioritas menggunakan Super Decisions versi 3.2.0. Hasil analisis keberlanjutan menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata indeks keberlanjutan adalah kurang berkelanjutan. Analisis PLS menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi petani tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap kinerja tetapi melalui produktivitas berkelanjutan. Modal sosial dan institusi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja dan produktivitas berkelanjutan. Produktivitas berkelanjutan juga meningkatkan kinerja petani. Model PLS menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kompetensi petani melalui pengetahuan penanaman, penguatan modal sosial melalui norma dan nilai bersama, serta dukungan kelembagaan yang kuat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan kinerja petani. Selain itu, penerapan praktik-praktik pertanian berkelanjutan dan partisipasi aktif komunitas sangat penting untuk keberlanjutan dan kinerja tinggi. Institusi diidentifikasi sebagai prioritas utama untuk peningkatan kinerja berkelanjutan petani kelapa sawit pada indikator tata kelola. Penelitian ini memperbaiki model kinerja petani kelapa sawit dengan prediktor kompetensi petani, modal sosial, institusi, dan produktivitas berkelanjutan. Menggunakan analisis terintegrasi MDS, PLS, dan ANP, penelitian ini menghasilkan rekomendasi lebih reliabel. Selain itu, dirumuskan model kebijakan strategis untuk meningkatkan sumber daya manusia dan produktivitas petani kelapa sawit. Kata Kunci: Produktivitas kelapa sawit, Kompetensi petani, Modal sosial, Keberlanjutan, Institusi

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