NOVIANSYAH, DIMAS IHZA (2024) RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE SISTEM MONITORING DAN KONTROL ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) BERBASIS IOT ESP32 UNTUK PLTS HYBRID DENGAN APLIKASI UBIDOTS. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Design and implementation of a solar power plant (PLTS) monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using the ESP32 microcontroller. The block diagram was previously designed as a framework for the device construction. This block diagram represents the flowchart of the real system, including the main tasks of the microcontroller, sensors, modules, and Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to ensure system reliability. In the hardware design phase, the device scheme is created by writing circuits that include solar panels, batteries, power charging modules, INA219 sensors, NodeMCU ESP32, PZEM004-T, LCD 20x4, relays, and LM2596 stepdown, sockets, MCB. The circuit is shown schematically. The hardware is integrated with Arduino IDE software to program the ESP32 microcontroller. It provides detailed instructions for programming and setting up a solar PV monitoring system, including How to use the library, pin configuration, and How to upload the program to the microcontroller. Testing was conducted to evaluate LCD functionality and integration with the Ubidots IoT platform. Test results include data on battery charging and battery consumption at a 15 watt lamp load. Data is analyzed to determine system performance. The results of the ATS control test show that the system can switch sources automatically and on time when the PLTS source is below 11.5 V, so the ATS functions to move the source to the PLTB, and when the PLTS battery has returned to normal at 12 V, the ATS will make the switch. the source returns to the PLTS. The average power source switching time is 0,5 seconds. The test results show that the 12V 7.5Ah battery can support a 15W load for more than 2 hours. Current, voltage, and power measurements, as well as the battery charging power graph, provide a deeper understanding of your system's performance. Based on the test results, conclusions and recommendations are provided, including recommendations for battery charging settings according to factory instructions. Therefore, this final project contributes to the development of an IoT-based photovoltaic monitoring system that can be successfully applied on a small to medium scale, potentially improving system efficiency and reliability. Keywords: PLTS Monitoring, ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch), Internet of Things (IoT), NodeMCU ESP32, INA219 Sensor, PZEM004-T, IoT System Development Perancangan dan implementasi sistem monitoring pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32. Diagram Blok sebelumnya dirancang sebagai kerangka untuk alat bangunan. Diagram Blok ini mewakili diagram alir sistem nyata, termasuk tugas utama mikrokontroler, sensor, modul, dan saklar transfer otomatis (ATS) untuk memastikan keandalan sistem. Pada tahap desain perangkat keras, skema perangkat dibuat dengan menulis rangkaian yang meliputi panel surya, baterai, modul pengisian daya, sensor INA219, NodeMCU ESP32, PZEM004-T, LCD 20x4, relay, dan stepdown LM2596., soket, MCB. Rangkaian ditampilkan secara skematis. Perangkat keras terintegrasi dengan perangkat lunak Arduino IDE untuk memprogram mikrokontroler ESP32. Ini memberikan instruksi rinci untuk pemrograman dan pengaturan sistem pemantauan PLTS, termasuk Cara menggunakan perpustakaan, konfigurasi pin, dan Cara mengunggah program ke mikrokontroler. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi fungsionalitas LCD dan integrasi dengan platform IoT Ubidots. Hasil pengujian meliputi data pengisian baterai dan konsumsi baterai pada beban lampu 15 watt. Data dianalisis untuk menentukan kinerja sistem. Hasil Pengujian kontrol ATS menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat melakukan perpindahan sumber secara otomatis dan tepat waktu ketika sumber PLTS berada dibawah 11,5 V maka ATS berfungsi melakukan perpindahan sumber ke PLTB, dan ketika baterai PLTS sudah kembali normal di angka 12 V maka ATS akan melakukan perpindahan sumber kembali ke PLTS. Waktu perpindahan sumber listrik rata-rata adalah 0,5 detik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan baterai 12V 7,5Ah mampu menopang beban 15W selama lebih dari 2 jam. Pengukuran arus, tegangan, dan daya serta grafik pengisian daya baterai memberi pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang kinerja sistem. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, diberikan kesimpulan dan saran, termasuk rekomendasi pengaturan pengisian baterai sesuai petunjuk pabrik. Oleh karena itu, tugas akhir ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan sistem pemantauan fotovoltaik berbasis IoT yang dapat berhasil diterapkan pada skala kecil hingga menengah dan berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi dan keandalan sistem. Kata kunci: Monitoring PLTS, ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch), Internet of Things (IoT), Nodemcu ESP32, Sensor INA219, PZEM004-T, Pengembangan sistem IoT
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