ANALISIS PENGARUH CO-FIRING BIOMASSA (SERBUK GERGAJI DAN SEKAM PADI) TERHADAP KINERJA PERALATAN BOILER PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP DI PANDEGLANG

APRIANTO, CANDRA (2024) ANALISIS PENGARUH CO-FIRING BIOMASSA (SERBUK GERGAJI DAN SEKAM PADI) TERHADAP KINERJA PERALATAN BOILER PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP DI PANDEGLANG. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

The Government of Indonesia is committed to reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions under its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) by 29% of its own capabilities and 41% of international assistance compared to the Business as Usual (BaU) scenario by 2030. To support the government's plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, PT PLN implements co-firing technology at the power plant. Co-firing is the process of adding biomass as a partial replacement fuel into a coal boiler with or without modification. The main hypothesis of this research is that combining biomass with conventional fossil fuels can reduce carbon emissions and improve the performance of power plants in Pandeglang. This study aims to evaluate the effects of using biomass (sawdust and rice husks) as an alternative energy source through co-firing methods in power plants in Pandeglang. Data collection methods involve observation during both coal firing and co-firing processes at maximum load, as well as interviews with operators. Data analysis involves calculations starting with finding the values of Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) and Nett Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) conducted manually using Microsoft Excel software. Furthermore, operational parameters of boiler equipment performance are compared with commissioning data. The use of coal with a mixture of biomass (sawdust and rice husks) comprising 3% of the total fuel (in line with government targets) is still capable of generating continuous maximum load. During the co-firing process of biomass (sawdust and rice husks), the boiler equipment performance parameters remain within limits. In the Medium Speed Mill (MSM), there is a decrease in outlet temperature, and no significant changes occur in motor currents. The performance of boiler fans (Forced Draft Fan, Primary Air Fan, and Induced Draft Fan) becomes lighter, evident from the decrease in motor currents and the reduction in damper control openings in the majority of boiler fans. In the Air Preheater, there is a slight increase in temperature on both the inlet and outlet sides of flue gas. The Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) decreases from 0.6014 kg/kWh to 0.5939 kg/kWh, and the Nett Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) decreases from 2,785.95 kcal/kWh to 2,674.65 kcal/kWh. Keywords: boiler, co-firing biomass, Pandeglang, steam power plant Pemerintah Indonesia berkomitmen untuk mengurangi emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) sesuai Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) sebanyak 29% dari kemampuan sendiri dan 41% dari bantuan Internasional dibandingkan skenario Business as Usual (BaU) pada tahun 2030. Untuk mendukung rencana pemerintah dalam menurunkan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca maka PT PLN mengimplementasi teknologi co-firing pada PLTU. Cofiring merupakan proses penambahan biomassa sebagai bahan bakar pengganti parsial ke dalam boiler batubara dengan atau tanpa melakukan modifikasi. Hipotesis utama penelitian ini adalah bahwa penggabungan biomassa dengan bahan bakar fosil konvensional dapat mengurangi emisi karbon dan memperbaiki kinerja pembangkit listrik di Pandeglang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek penggunaan biomassa (serbuk gergaji dan sekam padi) sebagai sumber energi alternatif melalui metode co-firing dalam PLTU di Pandeglang. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi pada saat proses coal firing dan cofiring yang dilakukan pada beban maksimum dan wawancara operator. Untuk analisis data menggunakan perhitungan dimulai dari menemukan nilai perhitungan Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) dan Nett Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) dilakukan secara manual menggunakan software microsoft excel, selanjutnya parameter operasi kinerja peralatan boiler dibandingkan dengan data commissioning. Penggunaan batu bara dengan campuran biomassa (serbuk gergaji dan sekam padi) sebanyak 3% dari total bahan bakar (sesuai target pemerintah) yang digunakan masih mampu menghasilkan beban maksimum secara kontinyu. Selama proses co-firing biomassa (serbuk gergaji dan sekam padi) berlangsung parameter kinerja peralatan boiler masih dalam batasan. Pada Medium Speed Mill (MSM) adanya penurunan outlet temperature dan tidak terjadi perubahan yang signfikan pada arus motornya. Kinerja fan boiler (Forced Draft Fan, Primary Air Fan, dan Induced Draft Fan) menjadi lebih ringan terlihat dari adanya penurunan arus motor dan penurunan pembukaan control damper di mayoritas fan boiler. Pada Air Preheater cenderung ada sedikit kenaikan temperatur baik sisi inlet flue gas maupun outlet flue gas. Nilai Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) mengalami penurunan dari 0.6014 kg/kWh menjadi 0.5939 kg/kWh dan nilai Nett Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) mengalami penurunan dari 2,785.95 kcal/kWh menjadi 2,674.65 kcal/kWh. Kata Kunci: boiler, co-firing biomassa, Pandeglang, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap

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