ANUGERAH, BAGUS PRIMA (2022) ANALISIS PENGARUH DESAIN, ESTIMASI, DAN REWORK TERHADAP KINERJA BIAYA BERBASIS IMPLEMENTASI KONSTRUKSI DIGITAL PADA KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The three main factors of building construction performance in Indonesia (cost, quality, time), in addition to quality and safety, are still important benchmarks for assessing the performance of a project's success. Cost overrun which is directly related to cost performance is still a phenomenon in building construction until now. Many variables cause cost overrun, such as site conditions, designs, estimates, job changes, job repairs, job complexity, economic conditions, price fluctuations, inflation, even natural and weather conditions, etc. Of these many factors, there are several variables that can be overcome by digitizing which is now known as the implementation of digital construction. One of the implementations of this digital construction is the use of BIM (Building Information Modeling) to overcome design, estimation, and rework/work repair problems. This research studies the cost overrun due to design, estimation, rework / repair work before and after the implementation of digital construction, as well as its effect on the cost performance of Indonesian building construction. Analysis using SPSS with Multiple Linear Regression Model. The results of this study on Indonesian building construction, with the majority of respondents from 85.5% contractors and 5.5% consultants showing that before the implementation of digital construction these three variables resulted in a cost overrun of more than 3%. Meanwhile, after the implementation of digital construction, the cost overrun is not more than 1%. In design and estimation variables, the implementation of digital construction has a significant effect on reducing cost overruns up to 2% or more. Prior to the implementation of digital construction, cost overrun occurred in cost performance between 2% to 3% dominant in the elements of equipment costs, final contract value, and operational costs, after the implementation of digital construction cost overrun in cost performance reduced to below 1% dominant in total production costs, material costs, and labor costs. Keywords : Cost Overrun, Digital Construction Implementation, BIM, Multiple Linear Regression, Cost Performance, Indonesian Building Construction Tiga faktor utama kinerja konstruksi gedung di Indonesia ( biaya, mutu, waktu ), selain quality dan safety, masih menjadi tolak ukur penting penilaian performa kesuksesan suatu proyek. Cost overrun yang berhubungan langsung dengan kinerja biaya masih menjadi fenomena dalam konstruksi gedung sampai dengan saat ini. Banyak variabel penyebab cost overrun, seperti kondisi site, desain, estimasi, perubahan pekerjaan, perbaikan pekerjaan, kompleksitas pekerjaan, kondisi ekonomi, fluktuasi harga, inflasi, bahkan kondisi alam serta cuaca, dll. Dari sekian banyak faktor tersebut terdapat beberapa variabel yang dapat diatasi dengan digitalisasi dimana sekarang dikenal dengan implementasi konstruksi digital. Salah satu implementasi konstruksi digital ini dengan penggunaan BIM ( Building Information Modelling ) untuk mengatasi permasalahan desain, estimasi, dan rework / perbaikan pekerjaan. Data konstruksi gedung menunjukkan, setelah regulasi Permen PUPR tahun 2018 tentang kewajiban penggunaan BIM, terdapat penurunan jumlah proyek yang mengalami cost overrun pada akhir proyek. Penelitian ini mempelajari cost overrun akibat desain, estimasi, rework / perbaikan pekerjaan sebelum dan setelah implementasi konstruksi digital, serta pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja biaya konstruksi gedung Indonesia. Analisa menggunakan SPSS dengan Model Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian ini pada konstruksi gedung Indonesia, dengan mayoritas responden dari kontraktor 85.5%, dan konsultan 5.5% menunjukkan bahwa sebelum implementasi konstruksi digital tiga variabel tersebut menghasilkan cost overrun lebih dari 3%. Sedangkan setelah implementasi konstruksi digital cost overrun yang terjadi tidak lebih dari 1%. Pada variabel desain dan estimasi, implementasi konstruksi digital berpengaruh signifikan mengurangi cost overrun sampai dengan 2% bahkan lebih. Sebelum implementasi konstruksi digital, cost overrun terjadi pada kinerja biaya antara 2% sampai dengan 3% dominan pada unsur biaya alat, nilai akhir kontrak, dan biaya operasional, setelah implementasi konstruksi digital cost overrun pada kinerja biaya berkurang sampai dengan dibawah 1% dominan pada total biaya produksi, biaya bahan, dan biaya upah. Kata Kunci : Cost Overrun, Implementasi Konstruksi Digital, BIM, Regresi Linear Berganda, Kinerja Biaya, Konstruksi Gedung Indonesia
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