ANALISIS RISIKO PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL PADA PT. MULTIMAS NABATI ASAHAN SERANG

BUTAR, SULTAN PERDANA BUTAR (2023) ANALISIS RISIKO PROSES PRODUKSI BIODIESEL PADA PT. MULTIMAS NABATI ASAHAN SERANG. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana.

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Abstract

Biodiesel oil is a mixed fuel with diesel as bio-diesel which is commonly used as a diesel engine fuel with a biodiesel concentration of around 35% for now. Biodiesel oil is a fuel produced from vegetable oil which in this study is sourced from palm oil. In the production process, the palm oil used is purified palm oil which is commonly referred to as RPO (Refined Palm Oil) which is reacted with methanol and utilizes a sodium methylate catalyst. At PT. Multimas Nabati Asahan Serang itself produces biodiesel oil consisting of 3 main stages, namely the raw material reaction process, the process of separating oil from byproducts and the refining process. Based on the data that the researchers obtained, there were problems in production, both from the failure of the machines used, the lack of understanding of field operators in the production process and quality targets that were not achieved so that there was a risk of disrupting the production process in terms of quality and even the sustainability of the process. From the results of the analysis using this method, data is obtained that occupational health risks are dominated by noise risks and risks of being exposed to oil or hot liquids, while in the production process, the washing and separation process is the process that has the greatest risk of problems and the centrifugal separator machine is the main cause. And machines and production equipment that have the highest risk value are centrifugal separators and then pumps where the pumping machine is the machine that is used the most. From efforts to reduce the number of product defects by carrying out maintenance on the machine and increasing the mixing ratio of oil and chemical raw materials, a decrease in the number of product defects processed by trans-esterification was obtained, from 1100 tons previously to 80 tons. To prevent health risks due to noise, facilities are provided to workers in the form of special earphones/earmuffs that can reduce the noise value by 29 db so that the noise intensity that was previously 99 db can be suppressed and reduced to 75-85 db. So that there are no more new cases of health problems due to noise. Keywords: Biodiesel oil, risk of production process, FMEA (Failure Mode And Analysis) Minyak biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar campuran dengan solar sebagai biosolar yang umum digunakan sebagai bahan bakar mesin diesel dengan konsentrasi biodiesl sekitar 35% untuk saat ini. Minyak biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar yang dihasilkan dari minyak nabati yang dalam kajian ini bersumber dari minyak kelapa sawit. Dalam proses produksinya minyak kelapa sawit yang digunakan merupakan minyak kelapa sawit yang sudah dimurnikan yang umum disebut sebagai RPO (Refine Palm Oil) yang direaksikan dengan methanol dan memanfaatkan katalis sodium metilate. Di PT. Multimas Nabati Asahan Serang sendiri memproduksi minyak biodiesel terdiri dari 3 garis besar tahapan antara lain proses reaksi bahan baku, proses pemisahan minyak dengan hasil samping dan proses pemurnian. Berdasarkan data yang peneliti dapatkan terdapat permasalahan dalam produksi baik dari kegagalan mesin-mesin yang digunakan, kurangnya pemahaman operator lapangan dalam proses produksi dan target kualitas yang tidak tercapai sehingga berisiko membuat proses produksi terganggu dalam segi kualitas bahkan keberlanjutan prosesnya. Dari hasil analisis dengan metode tersebut diperoleh data bahwa risiko kesehatan kerja didominasi oleh risiko kebisingan dan risiko terkena minyak atau cairan panas, sementara pada proses produksi, proses washing and separation merupakan proses yang memiliki risiko masalah paling besar dan mesin separator sentrifugal merupakan penyebab utamanya. Dan mesin serta alat produksi yang memiliki nilai risiko tertinggi adalah separator sentrifugal lalau kemudian pompa yang dimana mesin pompa merupakan mesin yang paling banyank digunakan. Dari upaya pengurangan jumlah cacat produk dengan melakukan maintenace pada mesin dan penambahan ratio pencampuran bahan baku minyak dan bahan kimia di peroleh penurunan jumlah cacat produk diproses trans-esterifikasi yang dimana sebelumnya 1100 ton menjadi 80 ton. Untuk pencegahan risiko kesehatan akibat kebisingan diberikan fasilitas kepada pekerja berupa earphone/earmuff khusus yang dapat menurunkan nilai kebisingan sebesar 29 db sehingga intensitas kebisingan yang sebelumnya 99 db dapat ditekan dan berkurang menjadi 75-85 db. Kata Kunci: Minyak Biodiesel, risiko proses produksi, FMEA (Failure Mode And Analysis)

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