ANALISIS PEMILIHAN MODA TRANSPORTASI KERETA REL LISTRIK (KRL) DAN BUS RUTE PERJALANAN YOGYAKARTA - SURAKARTA BESERTA STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMALNYA

SANTOSO, GILANG PERMANA (2022) ANALISIS PEMILIHAN MODA TRANSPORTASI KERETA REL LISTRIK (KRL) DAN BUS RUTE PERJALANAN YOGYAKARTA - SURAKARTA BESERTA STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMALNYA. S2 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

The presence of the electric rail train (KRL) on the Yogyakarta-Surakarta route expands the list of public transportation modes available to residents of Yogyakarta, Surakarta, and surrounding areas. The Yogyakarta-Surakarta route was previously served by one of the road-based transportation, namely Bus, which was widely used but was abandoned by its users due to a variety of factors. The presence of various alternative modes of transportation today, combined with the Covid-19 pandemic, allows users of public transportation services, particularly the Yogyakarta-Surakarta route, to freely make their choices. The purpose of this research is to determine the ability to pay (ATP) and willingness to pay (WTP) for KRL and Bus modes of transportation. The purpose of this research is also to identify the factors that influence the mode selection model, particularly KRL and Bus. This research will also look into the implementation of minimum service standards for each mode of transportation in accordance with Indonesian regulations. Data was gathered through direct interviews and online questionnaires distributed using Google forms. Multiple linear regression and binary logit ratio were used in the data analysis, and the results were obtained using software, specifically Microsoft Excel and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results showed that the average value of ATP and WTP for KRL modes was Rp. 8.466 and Rp. 9.177, respectively. The average ATP and WTP for bus modes are Rp. 12.553 and Rp. 13.226, respectively. The ATP and WTP values for both the KRL and bus modes are nominally higher than the prevailing tariff, namely Rp. 8.000 for the KRL mode and Rp. 12.000 for the bus mode. The results also show that travel time and travel costs have a strong influence on mode of transportation choice, while gender has the least influence. The results also show that the minimum service standards have been well applied to the KRL and Bus modes of transportation. According to the findings of a study based on binary logit analysis of KRL transportation modes, The binary logit results also show that lowering the CBUS (Bus fee) by 1,58 times the unit of money from the CKRL (KRL fee) to Rp7.595/trip from the original Rp12.000/trip will increase bus users by 30%. If TBUS (bus time) is accelerated by 1,81 times the unit time from TKRL (KRL time) to 1 hour and 23 minutes/trip from the original 2 hours and 12 minutes, bus users increase by 50%. Bus users will increase by 70% while KRL users will decrease by 30%, so the number of FBUS (bus frequency) must be increased to 16 times/day from the original 10 times/day by 1,69 times FKRL (KRL frequency). Keywords : ATP-WTP, KRL-Bus Transportation modes, Minimum Service Standards, SPSS binary logit Kehadiran kereta rel listrik (KRL) rute Yogyakarta – Surakarta menambah daftar pilihan moda transportasi umum bagi pengguna jasa transportasi umum di Yogyakarta, Surakarta dan Sekitarnya.. Rute perjalanan Yogyakarta-Surakarta sebelumnya dilayani oleh salah satunya transportasi berbasis jalan raya yaitu Bus yang mana sudah banyak ditinggalkan oleh penggunanya karena faktor-faktor tertentu. Hadirnya berbagai altenatif moda transportasi pada dewasa ini, ditambah masa pandemi Covid-19 membuat pengguna jasa moda transportasi umum khususnya rute perjalanan Yogyakarta-Surakarta dapat dengan bebas menentukan pilihan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ability to pay (ATP) dan willingness to pay (WTP) moda transportasi KRL dan Bus. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap model pemilihan moda khususnya KRL dan Bus. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan standar pelayanan minimal setiap moda transportasi sesuai standar yang berlaku di Indonesia. Pengambilan data melaui wawancara langsung dan menyebaran kuesioner online dengan bantuan google form. Analisis data menggunakan metode regresi liner berganda dan logit biner nisbah, hasil analisis didapat dengan bantuan software yaitu Microsoft Excel dan Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rerata ATP dan WTP moda KRL masing-masing adalah Rp8.466 dan Rp9.177. Nilai rerata ATP dan WTP moda bus masing-masing adalah Rp12.553 dan Rp13.226. Nilai ATP dan WTP baik moda KRL maupun bus keduanya memiliki nominal yang lebih tinggi daripada tarif yang berlaku yaitu Rp8.000 untuk moda KRL dan Rp12.000 untuk moda bus. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan faktor pemilihan moda transportasi yang berpengaruh kuat adalah waktu tempuh, biaya perjalanan, dan yang berpengaruh lemah yaitu jenis kelamin. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan standar pelayanan minimal sudah diterapkan dengan baik pada moda transportasi KRL dan Bus. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis logit biner moda transportasi KRL lebih diminati dibandingkan dengan Bus, hasil logit biner juga menunjukkan kemungkinan pengguna Bus akan meningkat 30% jika CBUS (biaya Bus) diturunkan sebesar 1,58 kalinya satuan uang dari CKRL (biaya KRL) menjadi Rp7,595/trip dari yang semula Rp12.000/trip. Pengguna bus meningkat 50% jika TBUS (waktu Bus) dipercepat sebesar 1,81 kalinya satuan waktu dari TKRL (waktu KRL) menjadi 1 jam dan 23 menit/trip dari yang semula 2 jam dan 12 menit. Pengguna bus akan meningkat 70% sedangkan pengguna KRL akan menurun 30%, maka jumlah FBUS (frekuensi Bus) harus ditingkatkan 1,69 kalinya FKRL (frekuensi KRL) menjadi 16 kali/hari dari semula 10 kali/hari. Kata Kunci : ATP-WTP, Moda Transportasi KRL-Bus, Standar Pelayanan Minimal, SPSS, Logit Biner

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