RONDONUWU, JULIAN CHRIST EXCELL (2023) ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENERAPAN FILTER PASIF DAN FILTER AKTIF UNTUK MENGURANGI NILAI HARMONISA ARUS PADA SISI TEGANGAN RENDAH BOILER PLANT PT. MULTIMAS NABATI ASAHAN SERANG. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
Harmonics are a symptom of the formation of distorted sinusoidal waves from the source frequency caused by the increased use of non-linear loads. Harmonics can have a negative impact on the quality of electric power and damage to electrical equipment, as happened in the Boiler Plant of PT. Multimas Nabati Asahan Serang where the current THD value recorded on the low voltage distribution panel is 23.57%. This value is very high when compared to the IEEE Std. 519-2014 which amounted to 12%. Harmonics can be controlled by using a harmonic filter, either in the form of a passive filter or an active filter. The difference between these two types of filters is that passive filters can only control harmonics in one harmonic order, while active filters can compensate for more than one harmonic order. From this difference, a research was conducted to determine the right type of filter to be used in the electrical system at the Boiler Plant PT. Multimas Nabati Asahan Serang. The passive filter used is a single tuned passive filter to compensate fifth-order harmonics and the active filter used is a shunt active filter with P-Q theory. Filter application simulation was carried out using ETAP 12.6 software. Based on the analysis and simulation results of the tests that have been carried out in this study, the passive single tuned filter can reduce the current THD value below standard to 10.57% and the active shunt filter can reduce the current THD to 2.48%. Meanwhile, the results of a comparative analysis of the application of passive filters and active filters show that shunt active filters can reduce current THD values more significantly than single tuned passive filters by 89%. Keywords: current harmonics, total harmonic distortion, single tuned passive filter, active shunt filter, P-Q theory Harmonisa merupakan sebuah gejala terbentuknya gelombang sinusoidal yang terdistorsi dari frekuensi sumber yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan penggunaan beban-beban non-linier. Harmonisa dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif terhadap kualitas daya listrik hingga kerusakan pada peralatan listrik,seperti yang terjadi pada Boiler Plant PT. Multimas Nabati Asahan Serang dimana nilai THD arus yang tercatat pada panel low voltage distribution sebesar 23,57%. Nilai tersebut sangat tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan standard IEEE Std. 519-2014 yang sebesar 12%. Harmonisa dapat dikendalikan dengan menggunakan filter harmonik, baik berupa filter pasif maupun filter aktif. Perbedaan dari kedua jenis filter ini adalah filter pasif hanya dapat mengendalikan harmonisa pada satu orde harmonik, sedangkan filter aktif dapat mengkompensasi lebih dari satu orde harmonik. Dari perbedaan ini, dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan jenis filter yang tepat untuk digunakan pada sistem kelistrikan di Boiler Plant PT. Multimas Nabati Asahan Serang. Filter pasif yang digunakan adalah filter pasif single tuned untuk mengkompensasi harmonik orde kelima dan filter aktif yang digunakan adalah filter aktif shunt dengan teori P-Q. Simulasi penerapan filter dilakukan dengan menggunakan software ETAP 12.6. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan simulasi pengujian yang telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini, filter pasif single tuned dapat menurunkan nilai THD arus di bawah standard menjadi 10,57% dan filter aktif shunt dapat menurunkan THD arus menjadi 2,48%. Sedangkan, hasil analisis perbandingan penerapan filter pasif dan filter aktif menunjukkan bahwa filter aktif shunt dapat menurunkan nilai THD arus yang lebih signifikan daripada filter pasif single tuned sebesar 89%. Kata Kunci: harmonisa arus, total harmonic distortion, filter pasif single tuned, filter aktif shunt, P-Q theory
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