SAPUTRO, PRASETYO DWI (2023) PENGARUH KERUGIAN ENERGI BERDASARKAN SUDUT KEMIRINGAN PENSTOCK TERHADAP KINERJA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH) TURBIN CROSS-FLOW. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana.
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Abstract
The penstock pipe or penstock has an important role in producing energy, because the roughness of the pipe material and energy loss in the pipe causes energy loss which affects the generation of electrical energy. This research focuses on energy losses based on the angle of inclination of the penstock which has the best performance by choosing the right combination of pipe length and angle to minimize energy losses in the pipe. The test was carried out on the Gung River, Danawarih Village, Balapulang District, Tegal Regency. The selection of penstock includes the slope angle of the pipe so that it can determine the head losses that occur in the pipe. The results of this study show that at an angle of 15º the resulting head losses are 0.277 meters and the resulting effective heads are 1.223, 1.423 and 1.723 meters with actual heads of 1.5, 1.7 and 2 meters, an angle of 30º resulting head losses of 0.376 and the resulting effective heads are 1.124, 1.324 and 1.624 meters, and at an angle of 45º the resulting head losses are 0.554 meters and the resulting effective heads are 0.946, 1.146 and 1.446 meters. At an angle of 15º with an effective head of 1.223, a coefficient is obtained, CP = 14% and CT = 0.056 with a rotational speed (RPM) of 309, an effective head of 1.423, a coefficient of CP = 12% and CT = 0.053 with a rotational speed (RPM) of 284 and at an effective head of 1.723, the coefficient is obtained, CP = 8% and CT = 0.045 with a rotational speed (RPM) of 219. At an angle of 30º with an effective head of 1.124, a coefficient is obtained, CP = 13% and CT = 0.054 with a rotational speed (RPM) 294, at an effective head of 1.324 the coefficient is obtained, CP = 10% and CT = 0.049 with a rotational speed (RPM) of 263 and at an effective head of 1.624 a coefficient is obtained, CP = 7% and CT = 0.042 with a rotational speed (RPM) of 211. And at pipe inclination angle of 45º with an effective head of 0.946 coefficient, CP = 11% and CT = 0.053 with a rotational speed (RPM) of 270, an effective head of 1.146 coefficient, CP = 9% and CT = 0.048 with a rotational speed (RPM) of 241 and at an effective head of 1.446 the coefficient is obtained, CP = 6% and CT = 0.040 with rotational speed (RPM) 203. Based on the above results, a penstock with an angle of 15º with a pipe length of 0.84 meters, has the highest power value and the highest efficiency and a penstock with a slope angle of 45º with a pipe length of 1 meter, has the lowest power value and efficiency Lowest. It is proven by varying the effective head according to the actual head and constant flow velocity in the pipe, the penstock tilt angle of 15º and a pipe length of 0.84 meters produces the best turbine performance. Keywords: PLTMH, penstock, performance, energy, cross-flow. Pipa pesat atau penstock, mempunyai peran penting dalam menghasilkan energi, sebab kekasaran material pipa dan kerugian energi di dalam pipa, menyebabkan kehilangan energi yang berpengaruh pada pembangkit energi listrik. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada kerugian energi berdasarkan sudut kemiringan penstock yang memiliki kinerja terbaik dengan memilih kombinasi panjang dan sudut pipa yang tepat untuk memperkecil kerugian energi di dalam pipa. Pengujian dilakukan di sungai Gung desa Danawarih Kecamatan Balapulang Kabupaten Tegal. Pemilihan penstock meliputi sudut kemiringan pipa sehingga dapat mengetahui head losses yang terjadi di dalam pipa. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pada sudut 15º head losses yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,277 meter dan head efektif yang dihasilkan sebesar 1,223, 1,423, dan 1,723 meter dengan head aktual sebesar 1,5, 1,7, dan 2 meter, sudut 30º head losses yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,376 dan head efektif yang dihasilkan sebesar 1,124, 1,324, dan 1,624 meter, dan pada sudut 45º head losses yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,554 meter dan head efektif yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,946, 1,146, dan 1,446 meter. Pada sudut kemiringan pipa 15º dengan head efektif 1,223 didapat koefisien, Cp = 14% dan CT = 0,056 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 309, pada head efektif 1,423 didapat koefisien, Cp = 12% dan CT = 0,053 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 284 dan pada head efektif 1,723 didapat koefisien, Cp = 8% dan CT = 0,045 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 219. Pada sudut kemiringan pipa 30º dengan head efektif 1,124 didapat koefisien, Cp = 13% dan CT = 0,054 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 294, pada head efektif 1,324 didapat koefisien, Cp = 10% dan CT = 0,049 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 263 dan pada head efektif 1,624 didapat koefisien, Cp = 7% dan CT = 0,042 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 211. Dan pada sudut kemiringan pipa 45º dengan head efektif 0,946 didapat koefisien, Cp = 11% dan CT = 0,053 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 270, pada head efektif 1,146 didapat koefisien, Cp = 9% dan CT = 0,048 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 241 dan pada head efektif 1,446 didapat koefisien, Cp = 6% dan CT = 0,040 dengan kecepatan rotasi (RPM) 203. Berdasarkan hasil di atas, penstock dengan sudut kemiringan 15º dengan panjang pipa 0,84 meter, memiliki nilai daya tertinggi dan efisiensi tertinggi dan penstock dengan kemiringan sudut 45º dengan panjang pipa 1 meter, memiliki nilai daya terendah dan efisiensi terendah. Dibuktikan dengan memvariasikan head efektif sesuai dengan head aktual dan kecepatan aliran dalam pipa konstan, maka sudut kemiringan penstock 15º dan panjang pipa 0,84 meter menghasilkan kinerja turbin terbaik. Kata kunci: PLTMH, penstock, kinerja, energi, cross-flow.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) |
|---|---|
| Call Number CD: | FT/MSN. 23 051 |
| NIM/NIDN Creators: | 41318010011 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | PLTMH, penstock, kinerja, energi, cross-flow. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology/Teknologi > 620 Engineering and Applied Operations/Ilmu Teknik dan operasi Terapan 600 Technology/Teknologi > 620 Engineering and Applied Operations/Ilmu Teknik dan operasi Terapan > 621 Applied Physics/Fisika terapan 600 Technology/Teknologi > 620 Engineering and Applied Operations/Ilmu Teknik dan operasi Terapan > 621 Applied Physics/Fisika terapan > 621.8 Machine Engineering, Machinery/Teknik Mesin |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Mesin |
| Depositing User: | ADELINA HASNA SETIAWATI |
| Date Deposited: | 02 May 2023 06:22 |
| Last Modified: | 02 May 2023 06:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.mercubuana.ac.id/id/eprint/76640 |
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