PERANCANGAN SISTEM GROUNDING PADA GEDUNG TRIAL TESTING FACILITY (TTF)

PIRMAN, YOPPI (2023) PERANCANGAN SISTEM GROUNDING PADA GEDUNG TRIAL TESTING FACILITY (TTF). S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

An electric power system is an extensive system that connects one point to another so that it is very sensitive to various disturbances, including ground disturbances. Such interference has many impacts that can lower the voltage considerably, lower the stability of the system, harm humans and can damage electronic equipment. The grounding system is one of the important parts that must be considered to ensure the safety and reliability of the operation of the electric power system. The grounding system aims to limit the voltage between the equipment and the ground to a condition that is safe for all operations, both normal conditions and when interference occurs. A building to avoid the danger of lightning strikes requires a grounding resistance value of < 5 ohms, while for grounding electronic equipment, a grounding resistance value of < 3 ohms is needed and for grounding lightning rod equipment or arrester < 1.75 Ohms even some devices require a grounding resistance value of < 1 ohm. The Trial Testing Facility (TTF) building includes a new building and has not yet installed a grounding system. The building has a lot of electron equipment, therefore it is necessary to design a proper grounding system, themeasurement is carried out using an earth tester with a 3-point method using 1 rod electrode by varying the depth and using 2 paralleled rod electrodes with the same depth variation in order to get a grounding prisoner value below 1 ohm. After conducting research, it was found that hasil The results of measuring the grounding value of R1 with a depth of 2 m obtained a value of 12.86 Ω, for the value of the grounding resistance of R2 of 9.11 Ω the measurement results of R1 and R2 have not reached <1 Ω, then an experiment was carried out by applying the electrode R1 with electrode R2 the value of the grounding resistance with a depth of 2 m obtained the measurement results of 0.75 Ω, the value already meets the requirements of PUIL 2000. Rata-average soil type resistance value for electrode rod R1 value of 105.59 Ω-m, electrode R2 value of 23.01 Ω-m, and for electrode R1//R2 obtained value of 24.94 Ω-m. Of the three average prisoner values of these types of soils, the value belongs to the category of loam. Keywords : Grounding System, Rod Electrodes, Three-point and parallel methods, Soil Type Resistance. Sistem tenaga listrik merupakan sistem yang luas yang menghubungkan satu titik ke titik lain sehingga sangat peka terhadap berbagai gangguan, diantaranya adalah gangguan tanah. Gangguan tersebut memiliki banyak dampak yang dapat menurunkan tegangan cukup besar, menurunkan stabilitas sistem, membahayakan manusia dan dapat merusak peralatan elektronik. Sistem pentanahan merupakan salah satu bagian penting yang harus diperhatikan untuk menjamin keamanan dan keandalan operasi sistem tenaga listrik. Sistem Pentanahan bertujuannya untuk membatasi tegangan antara peralatan dengan tanah sampai pada suatu kondisi yang aman untuk semua operasi, baik kondisi normal maupun saat terjadi gangguan. Sebuah bangunan gedung agar terhindar dari bahaya sambaran petir dibutuhkan nilai tahanan pentanahan < 5 ohm, sedangkan untuk pentanahan peralatan-peralatan elekronika dibutuhkan nilai tahanan pentanahan < 3 ohm serta untuk pentanahan peralatan penangkal petir atau arrester < 1,75 ohm bahkan beberapa perangkat membutuhkan nilai tahanan pentanahan < 1 ohm. Gedung Trial Testing Facility (TTF) termasuk gedung baru dan belum terpasang sistem grounding. Gedung tersebut banyak sekali terdapat peralatan-peralatan elektronika, maka dari itu perlu dilakukan perancangan sistem grounding yang tepat, pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan earth tester dengan metode 3 titik menggunakan 1 elektroda batang dengan menvariasikan kedalamannya dan menggunakan 2 elektroda batang yang diparalel dengan variasi kedalaman yang sama agar mendapat nilai tahanan pentanahanan dibawah 1 ohm. Setelah dilakukan penelitian, didapatkan bahwa hasil Hasil pengukuran nilai pentanahan R1 dengan kedalaman 2 m didapat nilai 12,86 Ω, untuk nilai tahanan pentanahan R2 sebesar 9,11 Ω hasil pengukuran R1 dan R2 belum mencapai <1 Ω, maka dilakukan percobaan dengan memperalelkan elektroda R1 dengan elektroda R2 nilai tahanan pentanahan dengan kedalaman 2 m didapatkan hasil pengukuran sebesar 0,75 Ω, nilai tersebut sudah memenuhi syarat PUIL 2000. Rata-rata nilai tahanan jenis tanah untuk batang elektroda R1 nilainya sebesar 105,59 Ω-m, elektroda R2 nilai sebesar 23,01 Ω-m, dan untuk elektroda R1//R2 didapatkan nilai 24,94 Ω-m. Dari ketiga rata-rata nilai tahanan jenis tanah tersebut nilainya termasuk kategori tanah lempung. Kata Kunci : Sistem Pentanahan, Elektroda Batang, Metode tiga titik dan paralel, Tahanan Jenis Tanah.

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