PERANCANGAN FILTER PASIF UNTUK MENGURANGI RUGI-RUGI DAYA TRANSFORMATOR AKIBAT HARMONISA

WINASIS, MUHAMAD MAHENDRA RIZKY (2022) PERANCANGAN FILTER PASIF UNTUK MENGURANGI RUGI-RUGI DAYA TRANSFORMATOR AKIBAT HARMONISA. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

The use of electronic equipment such as VFD (Variable Frequency Drive), inverters, LED lamps, and other energy-saving equipment is more profitable, due to its high efficiency, easy and smooth setting, small space dimensions and more flexible and artistic. But besides that it has a negative effect on the power quality of the electric grid system, namely producing harmonics. The current harmonics cause heating of the transformer components, thereby increasing losses and decreasing efficiency in the transformer which leads to a decrease in power capacity (derating). In this research, a single tune passive filter will be designed to overcome the high harmonic distortion that causes transformer power losses. Harmonic analysis simulation was conducted to determine the success of single tune passive filter design according to the IEEE 519-2014 standard. The results obtained are that the simulation after installing the 3rd design single tuned filter with tuning orders of 5, 7, and 11 shows that it is very effective in reducing the THDv from 3.83% to 1.35%, then the THDi is from 27.83%. to 7.89%. So that the total transformer power losses due to harmonics between before the filter is installed and after the filter is installed decreased by 82.44% from the original 218.86 kW to 38.43 kW. Keywords: Harmonics, Passive Filters, Power Loss, Single Tune, Transformator Penggunaan peralatan elektronik seperti VFD (Variable Frequency Drive), inverter, lampu LED, dan peralatan hemat energi lainnya lebih menguntungkan, karena efisiensinya yang tinggi, pengaturan yang mudah dan mulus, dimensi ruang yang kecil dan lebih fleksibel serta artistik. Namun disamping itu memiliki efek negatif terhadap kualitas daya dari sistem jala-jala listrik yaitu menghasilkan harmonisa. Harmonisa arus mengakibatkan pemanasan pada komponen transformator, sehingga meningkatkan rugi-rugi dan penurunan efesiensi pada transformator yang berujung pada penurunan kapasitas daya (derating). Pada penelitian ini akan didesain filter pasif single tune untuk mengatasi distorsi harmonik yang tinggi yang mengakibatkan rugi-rugi daya transformator. Simulasi harmonic analysis dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan perancangan filter pasif single tune sesuai standar IEEE 519-2014. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwasannya simulasi setelah pemasangan filter single tuned desain ke-3 dengan tuning orde ke 5, 7, dan 11 menunjukkan bahwa sangat efektif menurunkan besar THDv dari 3,83% menjadi 1,35%, kemudian besar THDi dari 27,83% menjadi 7,89%. Sehingga besar rugi-rugi daya total transformator akibat harmonisa antara sebelum terpasang filter dan sesudah terpasang filter mengalami penurunan sebesar 82,44% dari semula 218,86 kW menjadi 38,43 kW. Kata kunci: Harmonik, Filter Pasif, Rugi Daya, Single Tune, Transformator

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