RIFANIE, REZA FACHMI (2026) RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE GREENHOUSE CERDAS BERBASIS ESP32 UNTUK MONITORING LINGKUNGAN DAN PENYIRAMAN OTOMATIS TANAMAN HIAS GYMNOCALCIUM ANISITSII. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
This study aims to design, build and test the performance of an ESP32-based smart greenhouse prototype as a system for monitoring environmental conditions and providing automatic watering for the ornamental plant Gymnocalycium anisitsii. The variables studied included air temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture, measured using a DHT11 sensor and a YL-69 soil moisture sensor as the basis for controlling the automatic watering system. The study utilised six samples of Gymnocalycium anisitsii plants, selected using purposive sampling based on uniformity of species, size and growth conditions. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative descriptive analysis, calculating the percentage error of the sensors relative to a reference measuring instrument, as well as evaluating the system’s performance in monitoring and automatic watering based on soil moisture conditions. The results of the study showed that the YL-69 sensor had an average error of 4,55 %, whilst the DHT11 sensor had an average error of 2,15 % for air temperature measurements and 2,53 % for air humidity measurements. The developed system is capable of monitoring environmental conditions in real time, activating automatic irrigation when soil moisture falls below a predetermined threshold, and displaying measurement results via a local web server interface. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the ESP32-based smart greenhouse prototype functions effectively in monitoring environmental parameters and controlling automatic watering according to soil moisture conditions, thereby supporting the more effective and efficient cultivation of Gymnocalycium anisitsii. Keywords: Greenhouse, Gymnocalycium anisitsii, ESP32 microcontroller, System automation, Environmental sensors Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, membangun, dan menguji kinerja prototipe greenhouse cerdas berbasis ESP32 sebagai sistem pemantauan kondisi lingkungan dan penyiraman otomatis pada tanaman hias Gymnocalycium anisitsii. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi suhu udara, kelembapan udara, dan kelembapan tanah yang diukur menggunakan sensor DHT11 dan sensor kelembapan tanah YL69 sebagai dasar pengendalian penyiraman otomatis. Penelitian menggunakan enam sampel tanaman Gymnocalycium anisitsii yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan keseragaman jenis, ukuran, dan kondisi pertumbuhan tanaman. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif melalui perhitungan persentase eror sensor terhadap alat ukur pembanding serta evaluasi kinerja sistem dalam melakukan pemantauan dan penyiraman otomatis berdasarkan kondisi kelembapan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sensor YL-69 memiliki rata-rata error sebesar 4,55%, sedangkan sensor DHT11 memiliki rata-rata error sebesar 2,15% untuk pengukuran suhu udara dan 2,53% untuk pengukuran kelembapan udara. Sistem yang dikembangkan mampu memantau kondisi lingkungan secara real-time, mengaktifkan penyiraman otomatis ketika kelembapan tanah berada di bawah batas yang telah ditentukan, serta menampilkan informasi hasil pengukuran melalui antarmuka local web server. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa prototipe greenhouse cerdas berbasis ESP32 mampu berfungsi dengan baik dalam memantau parameter lingkungan dan mengendalikan penyiraman otomatis sesuai kondisi kelembapan tanah sehingga dapat mendukung pengelolaan budidaya Gymnocalycium anisitsii secara lebih efektif dan efisien. Kata Kunci: Greenhouse, Gymnocalycium anisitsii, Mikrokontroler ESP32, Otomasi Sistem, Sensor Lingkungan
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