ICHSANUDIN, MOHAMAD RAFI (2026) PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENDINGIN PANEL SURYA BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS MENGGUNAKAN METODE WATER COOLING. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
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Abstract
The increase in solar panel surface temperature due to prolonged exposure to solar radiation can affect panel performance; therefore, an automatic temperature control system is required. This study aimed to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based solar panel cooling system using the water cooling method, to develop a system capable of automatically monitoring and controlling the panel temperature in real time, and to analyze the system performance in reducing the panel temperature. A system development approach was employed, which included hardware and software design, system integration, functional testing of each component, and overall system performance testing. The system was developed using a NodeMCU ESP8266 as the main controller integrated with a DS18B20 temperature sensor, an INA219 sensor, a relay, a DC water pump, and Firebase as the data storage and real-time monitoring platform. The experimental data were analyzed descriptively based on temperature, voltage, current, power, and pump status parameters. The pump was configured to operate automatically when the panel temperature reached 40°C and to stop when the temperature decreased to 37°C. Based on the test results, all system components functioned according to the design, sensor data were successfully transmitted to Firebase and displayed in real time, and the automatic cooling mechanism operated for 25 cycles with an average temperature reduction of 5.62°C and an average cooling duration of 41 seconds. Based on the analysis, the IoT-based solar panel cooling system using the water cooling method was successfully implemented and was capable of controlling the panel temperature and monitoring the panel condition automatically according to the predetermined operating parameters. Keywords: solar panel, Internet of Things (IoT), water cooling, NodeMCU ESP8266, real-time monitoring Peningkatan temperatur pada permukaan panel surya akibat paparan sinar matahari dapat memengaruhi kinerja panel sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem yang mampu mengendalikan suhu panel secara otomatis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem pendingin panel surya berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan metode water cooling, mewujudkan sistem yang mampu memantau dan mengendalikan suhu panel surya secara otomatis dan real-time, serta menganalisis kinerja sistem dalam menurunkan suhu panel surya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancang bangun yang meliputi perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, integrasi sistem, pengujian fungsional setiap komponen, serta pengujian kinerja sistem secara keseluruhan. Sistem dirancang menggunakan NodeMCU ESP8266 sebagai pengendali utama yang terintegrasi dengan sensor DS18B20, sensor INA219, relay, pompa DC, dan Firebase sebagai media penyimpanan serta pemantauan data. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan parameter suhu, tegangan, arus, daya, dan status pompa. Sistem diatur untuk mengaktifkan pompa secara otomatis saat suhu panel mencapai 40°C dan menghentikannya ketika suhu turun hingga 37°C. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh komponen sistem berfungsi sesuai dengan perancangan, data hasil pembacaan sensor berhasil ditampilkan secara real-time, serta sistem mampu melakukan pendinginan otomatis sebanyak 25 siklus dengan rata-rata penurunan suhu sebesar 5,62°C dan rata-rata waktu pendinginan selama 41 detik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, sistem pendingin panel surya berbasis IoT menggunakan metode water cooling berhasil diimplementasikan dan mampu mengendalikan suhu panel serta melakukan pemantauan kondisi panel secara otomatis sesuai dengan parameter yang telah ditetapkan. Kata kunci: panel surya, Internet of Things (IoT), water cooling, NodeMCU ESP8266, monitoring real-time.
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