ANALISA FENOMENA LIKUIFAKSI AKIBAT GEMPA PALU-DONGGALA, SEPTEMBER 2018

NADIA, TIARA GITA AYU (2020) ANALISA FENOMENA LIKUIFAKSI AKIBAT GEMPA PALU-DONGGALA, SEPTEMBER 2018. S1 thesis, Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.

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Abstract

The earthquake that rocked Palu City and Donggala District on September 28, 2018 was followed by a very powerful liquefaction event. This liquefaction incident has caused casualties and major damage that devastated four villages in Palu City and its surroundings, namely Balaroa, Petobo, Jono Oge - Lolu, and Sibalaya villages, each of which is located along the Palu-Koro fault. This research was conducted to explore more deeply the mechanism of the liquefaction phenomenon due to the Palu-donggala earthquake, September 2018 by tracing major liquefaction events that have occurred in the past. The data collection used as the basis for the analysis was taken from a collection of literature studies in the form of existing journals and documentation data in the form of pictures where the liquefaction event took place. The results of data analysis showed that the phenomena generated in the previous liquefaction were almost the same but had different impacts depending on local environmental conditions. One of them is the phenomenon of sand boils in Niigata and in the Marina District. The sand boils that occurred in Niigata ejected water and sand from the ground into the air, whereas this did not happen in the Marina District. This is because utility pipes in the Marina District are buried underground that are non-liquefied or beside asphalt pavements. In addition, the analysis shows that based on historical, geological and composition criteria, Palu City is indeed vulnerable to liquefaction. The mechanism of soil movement in Petobo, Jono Oge and Sibalaya is similar in that liquefactioninduce progressive landslide and mud flooding due to the opening of irrigation channels, are the main mechanisms estimated to occur in these three villages, while in Balaroa it is estimated that there will be a different liquefaction mechanism because there may be no sand boils are found and there is no irrigation channel in this village. Therefore, Petobo, Jono Oge, and Sibalaya occur phenomena such as sand boils, flow liquefaction, flow slides and lateral spreading, whereas in Balaroa it is estimated that only lateral spreading and flow liquefaction phenomena occur. The earthquake and liquefaction events also had a huge impact on the local population, one of which was in the social and economic fields, where many people lost their homes and their livelihoods. To overcome this, the government and volunteers work hand in hand to restore this city, one of which is by build new housing for affected residents. Kata Kunci: Earthquake; Liquefaction; Phenomenon; Mechanism Kejadian gempa bumi yang mengguncang Kota Palu dan Kabupaten Donggala pada tanggal 28 September 2018 telah diikuti oleh peristiwa likuifaksi yang sangat dahsyat. Peristiwa likuifaksi ini telah menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerusakan besar yang memporak-porandakan empat desa yang ada di Kota Palu dan sekitarnya, yaitu Desa Balaroa, Petobo, Jono Oge – Lolu, dan Sibalaya yang setiap desa tersebut terletak di sepanjang sesar Palu-Koro. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelusuri lebih dalam mengenai mekanisme dari fenomena likuifaksi akibat gempa Palu-donggala, September 2018 dengan menelusuri peristiwa likuifaksi besar yang pernah terjadi di masa lalu. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan sebagai dasar analisis, diambil dari kumpulan studi literatur berupa jurnal jurnal yang sudah ada dan data dokumentasi berupa gambar dimana kejadian likuifaksi telah berlangsung. Hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa fenomena yang dihasilkan pada likuifaksi terdahulu hampir sama namun memiliki dampak yang berbeda tergantung dengan kondisi lingkungan setempat. Salah satunya seperti fenomena sand boils di Niigata dan di Distrik Marina. Sand boils yang terjadi di Niigata mengeluarkan lontaran air dan pasir dari dalam tanah ke udara, sedangkan ini tidak terjadi di Distrik Marina. Hal ini dikarenakan pipapipa utilitas di Distrik Marina tertanam di bawah tanah yang tidak bisa terlikuifaksi atau di samping trotoar aspal. Selain itu hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan kriteria historis, geologis dan komposisinya, Kota Palu memang rawan terhadap likuifaksi. Mekanisme pergerakan tanah di Petobo, Jono Oge dan Sibalaya mempunyai kemiripan dimana liquefaction-induce progressive landslide dan banjir lumpur akibat terbukanya saluran irigasi, merupakan mekanisme utama yang diperkirakan terjadi diketiga desa ini, sedangkan di Balaroa diperkirakan terjadi mekanisme likuifaksi yang berbeda karna kemungkinannya tidak terdapat sand boils yang ditemukan dan tidak adanya saluran irigasi di desa ini. Oleh karena itu, Petobo, Jono Oge, dan Sibalaya terjadi fenomena seperti sand boils, flow liquefaction, flow slides dan lateral spreading, sedangkan di Balaroa diperkirakan hanya terjadi fenomena lateral spreading dan flow liquefaction. Kejadian gempa bumi dan peristiwa likuifaksi ini juga menghasilkan dampak yang begitu besar bagi penduduk setempat, salah satunya dalam bidang sosial dan ekonomi dengan banyaknya penduduk yang kehilangan rumah maupun mata pencahariannya. Untuk menanggulangi ini, pemerintah dan para relawan bahu membahu memulihkan Kota ini, salah satunya dengan membangun hunian baru bagi warga terdampak. Kata Kunci: Gempa Bumi; Likuifaksi; Fenomena; Mekanisme

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